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Rock Melting

5.1 Lecture Notes. Rock Melting. Mineral Composition :. Explain:. Different minerals melt at different temperatures. Factors. Pressure:. Explain:. Rocks that can withstand higher pressures required higher temperatures in order to melt. Water and carbon dioxide:.

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Rock Melting

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  1. 5.1 Lecture Notes Rock Melting Mineral Composition: Explain: Different minerals melt at different temperatures. Factors Pressure: Explain: Rocks that can withstand higher pressures required higher temperatures in order to melt.

  2. Water and carbon dioxide: H2O & CO2 help lower the pressure within a rock; thus lowering the rock’s melting temperature.

  3. Location: Upper asthenosphere:50-200 km below Earth’s surface. Where it (rock) melts

  4. situations Subduction Zones Rocks subducted along plate boundaries are subjected to increased temperatures & begin to melt. At underwater subduction areas: rocks melt faster because pressure is reduced.

  5. situations Mantle plumes: Areas with hot, rising magma (mantle plumes) melt rocks as they rise. Mantle plumes (hot spots) on Earth’s surface result in volcanoes.

  6. situations Divergent Boundaries: As plates pull away from one another, a decrease in pressure occurs, and thus triggers melting.

  7. Describe: Magma that crystallizes before it reaches earths surface. Cooling rate: Slow. Large; phaneritic Crystal size and texture: IntrusiveIgneous Rock

  8. Magma that cools slowly & then rapidly will have large crystals “floating” in smaller crystals. Describe: Porphyritic Texture

  9. Magma that crystallizes on Earth’s surface. Describe: Cooling rate: Rapid Crystal Size and Texture: Small; Aphanitic Extrusive Igneous Rock Stop here, do rest of notes another day!

  10. Stoping: Pieces of older rock breakfrom the magma chamber’s wall, drop into the magma, & melt. Three Methods of Formation of Intrusive Igneous Rocks Magma Chamber: Sometimes magma crystalizes within a magma chamber. Magma Injection: Magma is forced out of magma chamber & into pre-existing fractures.

  11. Batholith: Large intrusive masses that cut across older rocks & cover areas greater than 100 sqkm. Stocks: Intrusive Igneous Bodies Smaller intrusive masses less than 100 sqkm. Laccoliths: Large, dome-shaped intrusions injected into shallow, sedimentary rock beds.

  12. Dikes: Small, shallow intrusions that cut across pre-existing rock. Small, shallow intrusions that get injected parallel to the rock layers. Sills:

  13. Describe: Fragments ejected from a volcano; includes small ashes to large rocks! Ex: Mt. St. Helens! Pyroclasts Pyroclastic flow

  14. Describe: Molten rock from an erupting lava vent. Lava flow speed depends on its composition & the slope’s steepness. Lava Flow

  15. A mix of hot or cold water & rock fragments flowing down a volcano slope or a river valley. Describe: Lahar

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