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Introduction to Computers

Introduction to Computers. Chapter One. Authors: Dr. Ahmad Dalala Mohammad AlZou'bi Ahmad Abusalama Khaled Dijani Prepared by: Mohammad Al-Zo’ubi. In This Chapter. General IT Concepts Computer Hardware Types of Software Information Networks The Use of Computer in our life.

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Introduction to Computers

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  1. Introduction to Computers Chapter One Authors: Dr. Ahmad Dalala Mohammad AlZou'bi Ahmad Abusalama Khaled Dijani Prepared by: Mohammad Al-Zo’ubi

  2. In This Chapter • General IT Concepts • Computer Hardware • Types of Software • Information Networks • The Use of Computer in our life

  3. Computer Definition • Computer A programmablemachine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic and logical operations.

  4. Types of Computers Mainframe used for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing Desktop PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) Laptop

  5. Computer System • Computer Hardware: • Physical (tangible) parts of a computer and related devices. • Computer Software: • Programs and applications (Intangible) that run on computer,and tell the computer what to do.

  6. Computer System • Software • System Software • (Window XP, Windows 7) • Applications Software • - Office (2003, 2007, 2010) • - Adope Photoshop • Computer • Hardware • CPU • ALU • CU • Main Memory • RAM • ROM • Storage Devices • Hard Drive • FloppyDisk • CD/ DVD • Flash • Peripheral Devices • Input Devices • Output Devices

  7. Computer System (Hardware)

  8. Computer System (Software) System Software Application Software

  9. Input Devices • Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Mouse Keyboard Scanner Microphone

  10. Input Devices • Input Devices (Input the information to the computer) Trackball Touchpad Light Pen Digital Camera

  11. CPU • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • - This is the brain of the computer. It processes everything from basic instructions to complex functions. • - Two typical components of a CPU are: • The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. • The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory, decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. • - The CPU can also be referred to "processor."

  12. CPU Speed • CPU (Central Processing Unit) - CPU speed is measured by the number of completed instruction cycles per second. - CPU speeds range from 600 megahertz (MHz or million cycles per second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second).

  13. The Functions of CPU • The Functions of the Central Processing Unit: • Performing calculations. • Controlling logic. • Immediate access memory. • Coordinating other function.

  14. Main Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) - A memory device in which information can be accessed in any order. - The results of your work are stored temporarily in RAM . - RAM is inexpensive. - RAM can be reused many times by your computer. - RAM is also volatile. • ROM (Read Only Memory) - A computer memory that can permanently store data and applications within it. - It holds the basic programs that make the computer ready to work.

  15. Memory Size • Binary System • - What is a bit? • Bit stands for Binary Digit. • A Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer uses. • A bit equals either 1 or 0. • Bit = a value = have a value means 1 , or don’t have a value means 0. • A bit is like a switch • On means 1 • Off means 0 • Computer understands machine language. • Bit = 0 OR 1 • Byte = 8 bits • Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes. • Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes. • Gigabyte = 1024 Megabytes. • Terabyte = 1024 Gigabytes.

  16. Memory Size

  17. Example • - How many ???? • 10 Bytes (----------) Bits • 10 Megabytes (----------) Kilobytes • 15 Megabytes (----------) Bits

  18. Storage Devices • Hard Drive • - The hard drive stores all your data. • A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, • It can hold over 100 GB of data. • There are 2 types of hard drive: • Internal hard drive • External hard drive

  19. Storage Devices • Internal hard drive • External hard drive - An external hard drive sits outside the main computer tower. - The external hard drive is connected to the computer via a high-speed interface cable. - It allows the user to back up or store important information separate from the main internal hard drive.

  20. Storage Devices • CD / DVD - A type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data • USB Flash - A data storage device that consists of flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. - USB flash drives are removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk.

  21. Storage Devices • Zip Disk • A computer hardware device that stores data. • It holds around 100 megabytes of data. • Floppy Disk • - A soft magnetic disk. • Floppy Disk is portable. • Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks. • have less storage capacity.

  22. Output Devices • Output Devices (output the information from the computer) Plotter Monitor Printer

  23. Computer Software • Software • - Programs and applications (Invisible) that run on computer, and tell the computer what to do. • There are 2 types of Software: • System Software • The software that provide the basic functions of the computer to run. • System software is Operating Systems. • Examples (Windows XP, Windows 7, Mac, Unix, MS-Dos) • Application Software • The software that is written for specific reason. • Examples (Office 2007, Photoshop, 3D Max)

  24. Computer Software System Software

  25. Computer Software Applications Software

  26. Computer Software Applications Software

  27. Network Definition • Network • - A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware resources between many users.

  28. Types of Networks • LAN (Local Area Network) • - A communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area, for example (across a room, building, or a cluster of buildings).

  29. Types of Networks • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • - A communications network that covers a geographic area such as a town, city or suburb

  30. Types of Networks • WAN (Wide Area Network) • - A long-distance communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as a state or country.

  31. The Benefits of the Networks • Hardware Sharing • Share expensive hardware such as printer and plotter. • Better Communication • Enable communication programs such as email and instant messaging. • Application Sharing • Run applications on server instead of installing them on computer individually. • Shared Knowledge • Share important files and information between users.

  32. Computers in our life • E- Mail • E- Commerce • E- Government • E- Learning • Education • Personal Use

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