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Reconstruction (1865-1876)

Reconstruction (1865-1876). Buck Wall Hillcrest High School. Political Corruption: The Tweed Ring in NYC. William Marcy Tweed (n otorious head of Tammany Hall’s political machine) [ Thomas Nast  crusading cartoonist/reporter]. Grant Administration Scandals.

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Reconstruction (1865-1876)

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  1. Reconstruction (1865-1876) Buck Wall Hillcrest High School

  2. Political Corruption: The Tweed Ring in NYC William Marcy Tweed (notorious head of Tammany Hall’s political machine) [Thomas Nast  crusading cartoonist/reporter]

  3. Grant Administration Scandals • Grant presided over an era of unprecedented growth and corruption. • Credit Mobilier Scandal. • Whiskey Ring. • The “Indian Ring.”

  4. The Election of 1872 • Rumors of corruption during Grant’s first term discredit Republicans. • Horace Greeley runsas a Democrat/LiberalRepublican candidate. • Greeley promised to end Reconstruction. • Grant WINS DUE TO FREEDMEN VOTES!

  5. Supreme Court Decisions Undermine Reconstruction • The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) • Civil Rights cases (1883) • All decisions strip rights for freedmen guaranteed by the 14th and 15th amendments. • Allowed states to control civil rights issues.

  6. 1876 Presidential Election Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden did not have enough electoral votes to WIN THE PRESIDENCY ! Total Electoral Votes Needed to Win Total Electoral Votes Needed to Win = 185 Tilden = 184 Hayes = 164 21 Disputed Electoral Votes in SC, Louisiana, Florida, and 1 vote from Oregon.

  7. Compromise of 1877 15 man Electoral Commission awarded the election to: RUTHERFRAUD B. HAYES HAYES GIVEN THE DISPUTED VOTES IF HE PROMISED TO END RECONSTRUCTION.

  8. The “Invisible Empire of the South” Ku Klux Klan ( K K K ) formed in Tennessee in 1866. The group was designed by ex-Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest to intimidate Freedmen from voting. The group went on rampages in Union and Spartanburg counties of South Carolina in 1871 forcing President Grant to get Congress to pass the Enforcement Acts. Lynching is their preferred choice of intimidation.

  9. The Failure of Federal Enforcement • Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871 [also known as the KKK Act]. • Congress attempted to enforce the laws in South Carolina. • Temporary protection of Freedmen.

  10. Home Rule or Redemption • Amnesty Act of 1871 allowed many ex-Confederate leaders to regain power. • “The Lost Cause.” • The rise of the“Bourbons.” • Redeemers (prewarDemocrats and Union Whigs). • Alliance between Democrats and KKK

  11. Northern Support Wanes • Corruption on the state and national levels. • 1872 Presidential Election • Panic of 1873 [6-yeardepression]. • Concern over westwardexpansion and Indian wars. • Monetary Issue – Gold Standard or bimetallism

  12. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. • Organized Black colleges like Morehouse, Howard, and Fisk. • Education in public schools open to freedmen and poor whites

  13. “Forty Acres and a Mule” Concept started by General Sherman during his “March to the Sea” Give freedmen land and a mule for farming. Ended by President Johnson and the implementation of the Black Codes

  14. Era of Jim Crow De jure segregation = by law (Plessy v. Ferguson) De facto segregation = by tradition (Housing Covenants)

  15. Booker T. Washington Stress on economics Atlanta Compromise of 1895 Gradualist toward social and political equality Created Tuskegee Institute in Alabama W.E.B. Du Bois Stress on civil rights. Northerner The Souls of Black Folks (1903)- “talented tenth” Helped to form the Niagara Movement Helped to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Black Leaders Views

  16. Disenfranchisement of BlacksIn the South • Grandfather Clause • Brown Box • Poll Taxes • Literacy Test • White Primaries Supreme Court decisions: Civil Rights cases (1883) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Stripped the 14th and 15th • amendment of there ability • to work In individual states.

  17. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Historic Supreme Court case • “Doughface” court rules for segregation • Starts the “separate but equal” doctrine in public facilities • Caused segregation to last another 60 years.

  18. Great Migration • Between 1910 and 1930, one million black Americans moved from the South to the North to seek jobs in the cities. • What motivated them to leave the South? • Deteriorating race relations • Boll weevil infestations • Job opportunities that had begun to open during World War I. • The Urban League formed to help migrating blacks from the South.

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