Reconstruction (1865-1876)

1. Reconstruction (1865-1876)

2. Essential Question: In what ways did Reconstruction begin to help African Americans in the South?

3. What does it mean to RECONSTRUCT something?

4. Key Questions 1. How do webring the Southback into the Union? 4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process ofReconstruction? 2. How do we rebuild the South after itsdestruction during the war? 3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipatedblack freedmen?

5. President Lincoln’s Plan • 10% Plan • Pardon crimes for Confederate officers • to convince them to join union • accept end to slavery • Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South. • Plan would be recognized when 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty

6. Wade-Davis Bill (1864) • By Radical Republicans • Wanted terms much more difficult for southern whites to accept • made it impossible for Confederate states • RESULT: Less confederate states would return to Union SenatorBenjaminWade(R-OH) CongressmanHenryW. Davis(R-MD)

7. 13th Amendment • Ratified in December, 1865. • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Abolished slavery

8. President Andrew Johnson • Elected after Lincoln was assassinated

9. President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) • Made most Confederate states eligible for pardons if they became loyal • Created easy terms so Confederate states could return to their place in Union • States had to hold constitutional convention • Write new constitution to void • Slavery • Ratify 13th Amendment • Stop payments of state war debts

10. Things didn’t work out… • Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. • Revival of the South BLACK CODES

11. Black Codes • Purpose: • Guarantee stable labor • Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers • Plantation owners would rent land to black families. • Give 1/3 of crop to plantation owner

12. Emergence of Sharecropping • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D82DCB58-7372-4E23-8807-541EA3E3AC1B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US 5 min

13. Freedmen’s Bureau

14. Essential Question: • In what ways did the Freedmen’s Bureau meet resistant from Southerners during the beginning of Reconstruction?

15. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Congress forms the Freedmen’s Bureau. • Counteracts the Black Codes • Called “carpetbaggers”by white southern Democrats.

16. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Organized to help ex-slaves with • Food • medical care • resettlement • education

17. “Carpetbaggers” • Term in which Southerners gave to Northerners who moved to South during Reconstruction • Carpetbaggers were seen as sneaky Northern outsiders with questionable objectives

18. Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

19. Successes of Freedmen’s Bureau • Gained support quickly from African Americans • Elected as officials by African American voters • Built • Schools • Churches • Modernize the South

20. Struggles of Freedmen’s Bureau • Were accused of having ulterior motives • Were not looking out for the best interest of African Americans

21. Freedmen’s Bureau School

22. Slavery is Dead? 1866- Ku Klux Klan Whites attack on Reconstruction Between 1868-1871 whites launched a counterrevolution against the changes of Reconstruction

23. Documentary:Marshall TwitchellA representative of the Freedmen’s Bureau working in Louisiana http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=627D416E-1B1D-4B84-87F4-7E3C90493B61&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US 5 min

24. EXIT TICKET • Do you think the creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau helped or hindered the struggle for equality for African Americans?

25. The Road to EqualityEssential Question: • How did the 14th and 15th Amendment allow for change during the Reconstruction Era?

26. 14th Amendment • Ratified in July, 1868. • Provide a constitutional guarantee • for rights of freed people. • Southern states would be punished • denying the right to vote to black citizens!

27. 15th Amendment • Ratified in 1870. • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • It gives black males the right to vote.

28. WORD SPLASH • Carpetbaggers • Scalawags • Ku Klux Klan • sharecroppers • Tenant farmers • Rutherford Hayes • Amnesty Act • Compromise of 1877 • Andrew Johnson • Abraham Lincoln • 14th Amendment • 15th Amendment • Freedmen’s Bureau • Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

29. Reconstruction Effects Radical Reconstruction

30. Essential Question: • What were the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the Reconstruction Era and how did these reforms impact African Americans and white southerners?

31. The First Steps…Political • Three Reconstruction Acts are passed. • Military Reconstruction Act • Command of Army Act • Tenure of Office Act

32. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Military Reconstruction Act (1st) • Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” • into 5 military districts.

33. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Command of the Army Act (2nd) • President issue all Reconstruction • orders through • the commander of the military • Tenure of Office Act (3rd) • The President could not remove any officials without the Senate’s • consent • Designed to protect radicalmembers of Lincoln’s government.

34. Black Senate & House Delegates • African Americans began to be elected to public offices

35. Social Steps… • Organized conventions to fight for • Right to vote • Equal access to schools • Transportation • And to use public facilities • Slave marriages began to have legal standing • Maintained strong family ties • through churches

37. Economic Steps… • Type of work didn’t really change… • African Americans found jobs in • Cities • Women became domestic servants • Sharecropping

38. John R. Lynch and Legislation • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3A8869D7-3C63-4CF6-B4DC-25B1BE9654F1&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US 5 min

39. EXIT TICKET • Wrap up 3-2-1 • Write down • 3 ways that life improved for African Americans • 2 problems African Americans still faced • 1 reason that white southerners were upset

40. End of Reconstruction

41. Essential Question: • What ways did Reconstruction begin to end?

42. The “Invisible Empire of the South”

43. The Failure of Federal Enforcement • Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871 [also known as the KKK Act]. • “The Lost Cause.” • Gave federal government • power to punish violators.

44. The Amnesty Act of 1872 • It removes the restrictions placed on Confederate office-holders.

45. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 • Prohibited discrimination for any reason • Shortcoming lacked a strong enforcement mechanism. • No new civil rights act was attemptedfor 90 years!

46. 1876 Presidential Tickets

47. Hayes Prevails

48. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 • Southern Democrats wanted Federal Troops out of South • Federal Troops pushed and continued Reconstruction • Southern Democrats wanted Reconstruction to end

49. The “Compromise” of 1877 • Presidential election between Hayes and Tilden • Tilden won • However Hayes promised if he was President he would remove federal troops from southern states • Democrats allowed for Hayes to become President • Federal troops left the South

50. EXIT TICKET • If there really was an end to Reconstruction and African Americans were given the same rights as whites, why was there a Civil Rights Movement almost 90 years later?