Reconstruction (1865-1876)

1. Reconstruction (1865-1876)

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowsS7pMApI Standard 10

3. Reconstruction • Definition: • Federal government intervention in the former Confederate states in order to monitor the treatment of former slaves.

4. Key Questions 1. How do webring the Southback into the Union? 4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process ofReconstruction? 2. How do we rebuild the South after itsdestruction during the war? 3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipatedblack freedmen?

5. Presidential Reconstruction The purpose of the Presidential Reconstruction was to readmit the southern states to the Union asap. Republicans in Congress, were outraged by the fact that the new Southern state governments were passing laws that deprived the newly freed slaves of their rights.

6. Radical Republicans They wanted to protect newly freed slaves. Congress force the Southern states to reapply for admission to the Union and had to ratify the 13,14,15th Amendments. These Radical Republicans favored a much tougher stance with the former Confederate States. (Thaddeus Stevens) They believed Johnson was not doing enough because he didn’t offer African Americans full citizenship rights. They also believed he was too lenient on former Confederate officials. Became known later as Radical Reconstructionists. Seen as a failure b/c it didn’t really protect former slaves from having their rights violated.

7. Andrew Johnson Vice President under Abe Lincoln Becomes 17th president of the US after assassination 1st president impeached but escapes being removed by 1 vote Impeachment= Congress can impeach (accuse) him of committing “high crimes and misdeanors” when he ignored laws that Congress had passed to limit his presidential powers. ** Abe Lincoln believed the Reconstruction of pardoning individuals was a Presidential Power- Opposite of RadicalRepublicans.

8. President Johnson’s Impeachment Impeachment • Tenure of Office Act stated that a president can’t remove cabinet officers “during the terms of the president by whom they may have been appointed. • Johnson fires Sec. of War Edwin Stanton (ally of the Radical Republicans) • The House impeached him on February 24 before even drawing up the charges by a vote of 126 – 47!

9. The Senate Trial • 11 week trial. • Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

10. FREE CITIZENS VOTE

11. 13th Amendment • Ratified in December, 1865. • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

12. Black Codes After the 13th Amendment all former slave states enacted Black Codes. Black Codes- To control the lives of freed slaves in ways slaveholders had formerly controlled their lives. They deprived voting rights to freed slaves and allowed plantation owners to take advantage of black workers in ways that made it seem slavery had not been abolished Curfews (illegal to gather after sunset) whipped if convicted of vagrancy (not working) had to agree to work at least 1 year for whites.

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiR7Xu98AtI

14. 14th Amendment Defined U.S. citizenship as including all persons born in the U.S. , including African Americans, guaranteed that no citizen could be deprived of his/her rights without due process and Equal Protection Clause.

15. Due Process • Policy that the government’s actions towards its citizens must follow established rules and procedures.

16. Equal Protection • This is the right of all persons to be treated fairly and equally by the laws and courts.

17. 15th Amendment Removed restrictions on voting based on race, color, or ever having been a slave: granted the right to vote to all male U.S. citizens over the age of 21. Suffrage, Enfranchisement= Right To Vote

18. Sharecropping In order to survive many former slaves farmed a portion of a white landowner’s land in return for housing and a share of the crop. Many sharecroppers fell victim to dishonest landowners who subjected them to what amounted to slavery.

19. Tenant Farming Tenant farmers paid rent to farm the land and owned the crops they grew. Tenant farmers were less at the mercy of white landowners than sharecroppers, both lived under systems designed to keep African Americans working white-owned land.

20. Freedmen’s Bureau Congress created this to help African Americans to make the transition to freedom. Freedmen’s Bureau helped former slaves solve everyday problems by providing food, clothing, jobs, medicine and medical care facilities.

21. Freedmen’s Bureau School

22. Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

23. Morehouse College Founded in Atlanta 1867 originally as Atlanta Baptist Seminary. A former slave and 2 ministers founded it for the education of African American men in the fields of ministry and education. Traditionally it has been one of the most prestigious African American colleges.

24. Ku Klux Klan White southerners formed secret societies that used murder, arson, and other threatening actions as a means of controlling freed African Americans and pressuring them not to vote. The KKK was founded by the Confederate Army in Pulaski, Tennessee to fight against Reconstruction and laws promoting racial equality.

26. Jim Crow Laws Southern States passed the Jim Crow Laws that required blacks and whites to use separate public facilities. Many states also tried to avoid upholding the 15th amendment by requiring that a citizen prove he could read and write. Segregation!!!

27. Literacy tests Literacy tests required that a citizen prove he could read/write. This was to keep poor blacks from votingin the South for nearly 100 years after theCivil War.

28. Poll Taxes Poll Taxes required voters to pay a set amount of money in order to vote.

29. Grandfather Clause These laws exempted citizens from restrictions on voting if they, or their grandfathers, had voted in previous elections or served in the Confederate Army or Navy. This excluded freedmen from voting!

30. Standard 10Review • 1. What group strongly supported the Reconstruction? • Radical Republicans • 2. Democrats use this term to refer to their return to power in the South. • Redemption • 3. What led to an economic depression and disputes over currency policies. • Panic of 1873

31. 4. What did the Democrats and Republicans in Congress agree to which decided who would be president in 1877 and thus ending Reconstruction. • Compromise of 1877 • 5. This man was considered honest but many of his people he appointed were corrupt. • US Grant

32. 6. He was the Democratic candidate for president in 1876 he won the popular vote but failed to win the presidency. • Samuel Tilden • 7. This allowed many former Confederates to vote and hold office. • Amnesty Act • What role did President Grant have in ending Reconstruction? • He removed federal troops from Florida

33. Review (cont) • Who was promised 40 acres and a Mule after the Civil War? • Former slaves

34. 1876 Presidential Election

35. Compromise of 1877 • It ended Reconstruction and Hayes is President • Republican leaders agreed to these demands, and Hayes was peacefully inaugurated. The acceptance of this compromise meant the end of Reconstruction in the South!! • Hayes will oversee the End of the Reconstruction Era! • Home Rule- The ability of the South to run their state governments run without Federal Intervention.

36. Legacy of the Reconstruction Negatives—Democrats overthrew Radical reforms and curtailed African Americans’ civil rights; many African Americans and poor whites were trapped in a cycle of poverty due to sharecropping; Positives—African Americans founded churches, schools, and volunteer groups; they also displayed political and social leadership that inspired their descendants.