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Chapter 3, Section 1

Chapter 3, Section 1. Seasons and Weather. Seasons. Earth’s Tilt Earth is tilted at a 23.5 degree angle relative to the sun Areas of Earth get more, less direct sun at different time of year The seasons are related to the earth’s tilt and revolution

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Chapter 3, Section 1

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  1. Chapter 3, Section 1 Seasons and Weather

  2. Seasons • Earth’s Tilt • Earth is tilted at a 23.5 degree angle relative to the sun • Areas of Earth get more, less direct sun at different time of year • The seasons are related to the earth’s tilt and revolution • The SOLSTICE marks beginning of SUMMER, WINTER • Sun’s rays directly overhead at noon at furthest points north and south • The EQUINOX marks the beginning of SPRING, AUTUMN • Day and night are equal in length

  3. Weather • Weather & Climate • Weather – atmospheric conditions at a particular location and time • Climate – weather conditions at one location over a long period • Example: Northern Russia has a cold climate • What Causes the Weather? • Sun: amount of solar energy received • Water vapor: determines whether there will be precipitation • Precipitation – water droplets falling as rain, snow, sleet, hail • Cloud cover: clouds may hold water vapor

  4. Weather • What Causes the Weather? • Landforms and bodies of Water • Water heats slowly, loses heat slowly • Land heats rapidly, loses heat rapidly • Elevation: as elevation increases, air becomes thinner • Thin air cannot hold moisture • Air movement: Distributes moisture and solar energy

  5. Weather • Precipitation • Precipitation comes about when: • Warm air rises, cools, loses ability to hold water vapor • Water vapor condenses into droplets • Water droplets form clouds • Heavy clouds release droplets as rain, snow • 3 types of precipitation • Convectional • Orthographic • Frontal • Rain shadow – land on leeward side of hills, mountains • Little precipitation in rain shadow

  6. Weather - Convectional • Occurs in hot, moist climates where the sun quickly heats the air • Convection occurs after morning sunshine heats moist air • Clouds form in the afternoon, rain falls

  7. Weather - Orographic • Falls on the windward side of hills or mountains that block moist air and force it upward • Associated with mountain areas • Create a rain shadow on the leeward side

  8. Weather - Frontal • Causes precipitation in the middle latitudes • A front is the boundary between 2 air masses of different temperatures or density • Rain or snow occurs when lighter, warm air is pushed upward by the colder, denser air

  9. Weather Extremes • Hurricanes • Huge storms called hurricanes, or typhoons in Asia: • Form over warm, tropical ocean waters • Hit land with heavy rain, high winds, storm surge • Tornadoes • Tornado – a powerful, funnel-shaped column of spiraling air: • Born from strong thunderstorms • Capable of immense damage

  10. Weather Extremes • Blizzards • Blizzard – heavy snowstorm with strong winds, reduced visibility • Droughts • Drought – long period of time with either no or minimal rainfall • Floods • Water spreads out over normally dry land

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