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The Kingdom Fungi

The Kingdom Fungi. Mr. Wright, 2010. Question #1:. All members of the kingdom Fungi share three characteristics. What are they?. 3 Characteristics of Fungi:. Fungi are eukaryotes with threadlike bodies. Fungi have cell walls, and it is made up of chitin . Fungi are heterotrophic.

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The Kingdom Fungi

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  1. The Kingdom Fungi Mr. Wright, 2010

  2. Question #1: All members of the kingdom Fungi share three characteristics. What are they?

  3. 3 Characteristics of Fungi: • Fungi are eukaryotes with threadlike bodies. • Fungi have cell walls, and it is made up of chitin. • Fungi are heterotrophic. • We use these 3 characteristics to determine if an organism belongs in this kingdom.

  4. Question #2: Define the following terms…

  5. Hyphae • Hyphae – threadlike strands that fungi are made of… fungal filaments

  6. Mycelium • Mycelium – the mass of fungal filaments (hyphae) that forms the fungal body

  7. Fruiting Body • Fruiting body – a reproductive structure that grows out of the mycelium in the soil.

  8. Rhizoid • Rhizoid – a rootlike structure (made of hyphae) that holds fungi in place and absorbs nutrients • Homologous to plant roots.

  9. Saprobe • Saprobe – an organism that absorbs nutrients from dead or decaying organisms

  10. Question #3: Explain what happens during each type of fungal reproduction.

  11. Sexual Reproduction • Haploid hyphae from one fungus (+) fuse with haploid hyphae from another fungus (-). How romantic! • The fused hyphae (diploid) form a reproductive structure, which releases spores (haploid) produced by meiosis.

  12. Asexual Reproduction • Specialized hyphae (haploid) produce long stalks. • Haploid spores are produced by mitosis. • The new fungi are genetically identical to the parent.

  13. Question #5: Fungi are divided into 4 different phyla. What, And How?

  14. Fungal Phyla • Fungi are divided into four different phyla based on how they undergo sexual reproduction.

  15. Fungal Phyla • Ascomycota (the sac fungi) • Basidiomycota (the club fungi)

  16. Fungal Phyla • Zygomycota (the common molds): • Deuteromycota (the imperfect fungi):

  17. Question #4: What are yeasts and molds?

  18. Yeasts • The common name for a unicellular fungi is yeast. • Usually asexual, but can form multicellularhyphae to reproduce sexually.

  19. Molds • A mold is a rapidly growing, asexually reproducing stage of some types of fungi. • This term only refers to the asexual phase!

  20. Question #6: What phylum do mushrooms belong to, And what is their purpose?

  21. Mushrooms - Phylum • Mushrooms are classified in the phylum Basidiomycota, the club fungi.

  22. Mushrooms - Purpose • Touching a mushroom makes you “big”. • You can now take an extra hit and break large floating blocks. • But seriously…

  23. Mushrooms - Purpose • Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes. • They form from a mass of hyphae from two different fungi (sexual reproduction).

  24. Question #8: Draw a picture of a mushroom and Label the Parts.

  25. A Typical Mushroom

  26. Question #8: Why are deuteromycetes called the “imperfect fungi”?

  27. Deuteromycetes – The Imperfect Fungi • These are fungi that have never been observed to go through sexual reproduction. • Since that’s how we group fungi, that means we have nowhere to put them. • Most famous = Penicilliumnotatum

  28. Question #9: Discuss two types of fungal partnerships.

  29. Lichens • A lichen is a partnership formed between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner such as algae. • The algae provides carbohydrates to the fungus, and the fungus provides protection, vitamins, and minerals.

  30. Lichens • Due to their sensitivity to changes in the environment, they serve as living indicators of air pollution levels. • Three types: crustose, fruticose, and foliose.

  31. Mycorrhiza • A mycorrhiza is a partnership formed between fungi and the roots of plants. • The fungus provides minerals to the plant, and the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungus.

  32. Question #10: list two positive ways And two negative ways we are affected by fungi.

  33. Fungi as food

  34. Fungi in medicine

  35. Fungi as decomposers

  36. Daily Assignment Alternation of Generations in Fungi

  37. Assignment: • On a piece of white printer paper: • Draw an asexual life cycle for a fungus. • Draw a sexual life cycle for a fungus. • Most fungi undergo alternation of generations… combine the two above to form one life cycle demonstrating this. • Use your notes, save yourself a headache! The book goes into more detail than we do.

  38. And now for something completely different… How fungi have affected human history…

  39. In 1692, 19 citizens of Salem were killed after charges of witchcraft were brought up against them. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

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