British Imperialism in India

1. British Imperialism in India Chapter 11 Section 4

2. Opener Questionscomplete in the empty space at the back of your guided notes • What empire had weakened in the Middle East that allowed for imperialism? • What trade route, near Egypt, became vitally important to the British and French? • Americans ____________ the idea of colonizing other nations. • Western Powers wanted to control the Pacific Rim islands because…

3. Opener Questionscomplete in the empty space at the back of your guided notes 1. What empire had weakened in the Middle East that allowed for imperialism? Ottoman 2. What trade route, near Egypt, became vitally important to the British and French? Suez Canal 3. Americans ____________ the idea of colonizing other nations. disliked 4. Western Powers wanted to control the Pacific Rim islands because… Access to China

4. Opener Questions: • What two ethnic groups were at conflict in Hotel Rwanda? • What colonial power had created the division between the two groups? • How many people were said to have died as a result of what is now called the Rwandan Genocide? • How many people were displaced or became refugees as a result of the genocide? • What is the legacy of people in Rwanda today? • Name the four types of imperialism introduced at the start of this unit.

5. Opener Questions: • What two ethnic groups were at conflict in Hotel Rwanda? Hutu and Tutsi • What colonial power had created the division between the two groups? Belgium • How many people were said to have died as a result of what is now called the Rwandan Genocide? 500,000 up to 1 million • How many people were displaced or became refugees as a result of the genocide? Over 2 million • What is the legacy of people in Rwanda today? 25 years later many are still unaccounted for, Hutu and Tutsi still live together 6. Name the four types of imperialism introduced at the start of this unit. Colony, Protectorate, Sphere of Influence and Economic Imperialism

6. Main Idea • As the Mughal Empire declined, Britain seized Indian territory and soon controlled almost the whole subcontinent. • India, the second most populated nation in the world, adopted some of its modern political institutions from the British.

7. Introduction • British economic interest began in India in the 1600s, when the British East India Company set up trading posts. • At first, India’s ruling Mughal Dynasty kept European traders under control. • By 1707, the Mughal Empire was collapsing. • Small states broke away from Mughal control. • East India Company became the leading power in India.

8. British Expand Control over India • The area controlled by the East India Company grew over time. • It eventually governed modern Bangladesh, most of southern India and nearly all the territory along the Ganges River in the north.

9. East India Company Dominates • The British government regulated the East India Company’s efforts both in London and in India. • Before the 19th century, the EIC ruled India with little interference from the British government. • EIC even had its own army. • Staffed by Indian soldiers - Sepoys.

10. Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown” • Britain’s economy was booming due to the Industrial Revolution. • India was a great source of raw materials. • Its 300 million people were a large potential market for British-made goods. • British considered India the brightest “jewel in the crown” - the most valuable of the British colonies.

11. Forcing out the Competition • The British set up policies that forced India to give Britain raw materials and buy British goods. • Competition was prohibited. • Indian’s textile industry was almost put out of business.

12. British Transport Trade Goods • After the railroad network was established in India, it became even more important to Britain. • India could now transport raw materials from the interior to the ports.

13. Impact on Colonialism • India both benefited and was harmed by British colonialism. • Negative – British had too much political and economic power. • Emphasis on cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency for many villagers. • Reduced food production and caused famine. • Positive – India now had the 3rd largest railroad network. • Led to the development of a modern economy and unity among the regions.

14. The Sepoy Mutiny • By 1850, British controlled most of India. • Indians were discontent. • They believed that the British were also trying to convert them to Christianity. • They also resented the constant racism that the British expressed toward them.

15. Indians Rebel • As the economic problems increased for Indians, so did their feelings of resentment and nationalism. • Rumors spread among the sepoys that their gun cartridges were greased with beef and pork. • To use the cartridge the soldiers had to bite off the ends. • Hindusdo not eat cows. • Muslims do not eat pork. • They were outraged.

16. Sepoy Mutiny • Eighty five out of ninety sepoysrefused to accept the cartridges. • British jailed the soldiers who disobeyed. • Next day, the sepoysrebelled. • Known as the Sepoy Mutiny. • Spread over northern India. • Fighting was intense. • Took over a year for the British to regain control.

17. Hindus and Muslims • Indians could not unite due to weak leadership and splits between the Muslims and Hindus. • Hindus did not want the Muslim Mughal Empire restored. • Many Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule.

18. Turning Point • As a result of the mutiny, the British took direct control of India. • The term Raj referred to British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria.

19. Nationalism Surfaces in India • In the early 1800s, some Indians began demanding more modernization and a greater role in governing themselves. • Traditional Indian practices – arranged child marriages and rigid caste system. • Many felt Indians needed to change their traditional practices.

20. Nationalism • Indians hated being second-class citizens in their own country. • They were paid less for the same jobs that Europeans performed in their country. • Ex. European engineers made 20 times the amount of Indian engineers.

21. Nationalist Groups Form • Growing nationalism led to the founding of two groups: Indian National Congress (1885) and the Muslim League (1906). • By the early 1900s they were calling for self-government. • British divided Bengal into two sections: Muslim and Hindu. • Harder for them to unite. • This infuriated the Indians. • British recalled the order and divided Bengal differently.

22. Review Questions • Answer the five review questions on your opener handout from last class. • Keep this for your quiz NEXT WEEK! • A4 – You will need to get your question sheets from the drawer at the back of the room.

23. Modern Day ConflictIndia and Pakistan • World War Z • Nuclear Scene

24. British India to Independence • Watch the linked video and answer questions to understand the impact Britain had on India and the final result of independence. • 49 minutes • Check answers when finished. • Turn into sub at the teacher desk. • 30 points

25. 1. At the height of its power, Britain ruled over _______________ of the world. 1/3 • 2. Britain’s history is a contradiction, discovery and ________________, prejudice and __________________. Progress, oppression • 3. How long had the British been in India by 1911? 200 years • 4. What was the goal of Indian Nationalism? Self-government • 5. Less than ___________________ British ruled over __________________ million Indians. • 1000,000 / 315 • 6. For some British women, India offered that promise of ____. adventure • 7. Army wife, Florence Riddle, said, “I have never been nervous of natives for there is something in our white blood that • gives us a feeling of ______________________ over black blood.” superiority • 8. How did some whites travel down the river? Explain. • In chairs atop inflated animal skins with three/four Indians to paddle and puff up their bladders every ½ hour • 9. Britain saw the Raj princes and useful figureheads for _____ rule. Indirect • 10. The ultimate social occasion for India’s elite was the ______________________hunt. • Tiger

26. 11. What was the impact of Britain on the animal population in India? It was all for what purpose? Wiped out large numbers of rino and tigers, entertainment • 12. India was divided into ________ provinces. Violence between Hindus and _______________ was common place. 7 / Muslims • 13. Mohandas K. Gandhi devoted his life to ___________________ India. Uniting • 14. On Empire Day, school children were bombarded with imperial propaganda • 15. Queen Elizabeth said Native Americans were very much like that ________________ in some respects. Scotch • 16. How did Britain declaring war on Germany, World War II, affect the colonies and dominions of Britain? They were all at war with Germany • 17. Why did some India’s question fighting for Britain during WWII? What did they want? • Independence from Britain • 18. What group of people worked in factory production when Canada was mobilized for war? • Women • 19. How did the fall of Singapore, a British colony, affect Australia during the war? • Allowed Japanese to attack Australia • 20. Disillusioned with Britain, Australia turned to who for support during WWII? • America

27. 21. On Borneo, Indian soldiers, the Punjabi, were liberated by Australian forces. Of the 1000 taken prisoner by the Japanese, only _______________ survived.105 • 22. In 1945, for her support in the war, Britain had promised India Independence • 23. What two religions led to divisions of people with in India?Islam and Hindu • 24. What country was created, by British Viceroy influence, for the Muslim people of India? • Pakistan • 25. What year did India final gain independence from Britain?1947 • 26. On the 15th of August came _________, the freedom to loot, burn and murder. • Freedom • 27. Muslims were forced to move to ________, Hindus were forced into __________. • Pakistan / India • 29. ___________________________people were displaced by the partition of India, one million died. • 10 million • 30. Gandhi said that if India gained independence, the rest of the ________ would follow. • Globe TURN IN TO THE TEACHER DESK BEFORE YOU LEAVE!