Atoms and Matter

1. Atoms and Matter

2. Today’s Objectives • Understand the components of the atom. • Be able to explain the parts of the atom and their relationship to each other. • Essential Question: • What are atoms made of and how do these particles interact with one another?

3. Here’s the hint Slides with this color background mean you just have to listen and ask/answer questions. Unless….the text is written in this color. Then you need to write the text down.

4. Slides that look like this This means the entire slide needs to be copied Cornell note style. Any questions? I have one…….

5. Cornell Notes you ask? • Divide the paper into One third and two third sections. • Name, Class/Period, Date go in the upper right corner. • Topic/Objective in the upper left

6. Cornell Notes • Questions and key points go on the left. • Class notes go on the right. • A review summary is located at the bottom.

7. The Cornell method • systematic format for condensing and organizing notes • main ideas of the text or lecture • long ideas are paraphrased • long sentences are avoided • symbols or abbreviations are used instead • relevant questions or key words are written in the key word column • Within 24 hours of taking the notes, the student must revise and write questions and then write a brief summary in the bottom five to seven lines of the page This helps to increase understanding of the topic • Helps when studying for either a test or quizWhen reviewing the material, the student can cover the note-taking (right) column while attempting to answer the questions/keywords in the key word or cue (left) column.

8. Effectiveness A study published in 2008 by Wichita State University compared two note taking methods Cornell and guided. They found that Cornell Note taking are more effective for students improvement of synthesis and apply learned knowledge while the guided notes method appeared to be better for basic recall.

9. Enough of that nonsense lets get back to the atom!

10. Today’s Objectives • Understand the components of the atom. • Be able to explain the parts of the atom and their relationship to each other. • Essential Question: • What are atoms made of and how do these particles interact with one another?

11. Vocabulary • Atomic mass • Atomic number • Atomic symbol • Nucleus • Atom • Electron • Proton • Neutron • Element • Energy levels, Orbitals, Electron Cloud

12. History of the Atom • Going back as far as 400 BCE. • Greek philosophers suggested that the universe was made of small invisible particles they named atomos. • Atomos is Greek and means unable to be divided (loose translation).

13. History of the Atom • It wasn’t until around 1700 CE that scientists began a more intense investigation • Making careful and repeated measurements • Resulting in more reliable data

14. 1808 • Then in 1808 an English schoolteacher by the name of John Dalton developed his atomic theory.

15. Dalton’s Atomic Theory: • Atoms cannot be divided. • Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. • Atoms of different elements can join to form compounds. (Like hydrogen and oxygen forming, H2O). • Most of his theories still hold true today except one: we now know that an atom is made of three parts.

16. Atoms • We know are the building blocks of molecules • Are the smallest part of an element that still keep the properties of the element. (What is an element?) • Pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom (determined by the # of protons).

17. But What Is an Atom? • Atoms are the basic unit of matter and consist of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. • Remember I said that almost all of Dalton’s Atomic Theory held true. • Based on what you know which one didn’t? • Hint: refer to your notes on his theory.

18. Proton • Positively charged • Resides in the nucleus (atom’s central region) • Has a mass of 1.67x10-27

19. Neutron • No charge • Similar to proton in that it resides in the nucleus • Also similar in mass of the proton at 1.67x10-27

20. Nucleus Central region of the atom Made of Protons and Neutrons

21. Nucleus of a Helium Atom + +

22. Electron • Negative charge • Much less massive than either the proton or neutron • Mass = 9.11x10-31 • Does not reside in the nucleus • Freely moves around the nucleus in an energy level.

23. Electrons • This is where it becomes confusing. • The electron moves in an orbital path around the nucleus. • If I were to draw the path it would look like a ring around the nucleus. • Important to note that the path is actually a shell aroundthe nucleus, like a cloud.

24. Two Dimensional Drawing of a Helium Atom - + + -

25. Electrons • Electrons occupy areas called orbitals, electron clouds, and energy levels. • Orbital, electron cloud, and energy level all refer to the area where the electron “lives”. The path of the electron. • All of those are the same thing, the path the electron follows around the nucleus. • If the nucleus of the atom was the size of a marble then the size of the whole atom (including electron cloud) would be the size of a football field. • That’s how far away the electron is from the nucleus.

26. Take a Breather • Lot’s of info passed on. • Everyone get up circle the room once and go back to your seat. Say ‘hi’ to someone as you pass them. • Are there any questions? • It’s going to get a little more intense.

27. Atoms, The Make-up

28. Atomic charge • Important to note: • Atoms are electrically neutral. • The number of positive subatomic particles matches the number of negative subatomic particles. • What are the subatomic positive and negative particles?

29. Atom Element Proton Neutron Nucleus Electron Energy levels, Orbitals, Electron Cloud Revisit Today’s Vocabulary

30. Let’s end it there for today. Do you know the parts to the atom? How about their relationship to each other? Good! Then your homework is to write a Haiku about it.

31. Example You must also write your sentences connecting the haiku and border to the content. The instructions are on page 6 in your notebook.

32. Physical Science

33. Brain Teaser • This is your warm-up for today. • Get your homework ready to be checked. • Please write down the question and answer on a left hand page of your notebook. • Also write the date, your name, and the title “Brainteaser #1” on the top of the page. • Update this in your table of contents • Here is the question: • Explain the relationship between the parts of an atom.

34. We Have Identified Seven of the Vocabulary Words Which Ones?

35. What Did We Do Last Class? • We looked at atoms. • In particularly the three parts. • The positive: • Proton. • The neutral: • Neutron. • Finally, the negative: • Electron.

36. What Else? • Where do each “live”. Where do they make their homes? • What other vocabulary words do you remember?

37. Atomic mass Atomic number Atomic symbol Nucleus Electron Proton Neutron Atom Element Energy levels, Orbital, Electron Cloud Here’s the List

38. Today’s Objective: • Know how to construct a model/diagram of an atom, labeling each part. Essential Question • How do you make a model or diagram of what an atom looks like including the labels?

39. Energy Levels • Energy levels are paths for the electrons. • A Danish scientist named Niels Bohr suggested that electrons in an atom move in set paths around the nucleus of the atom. • The path defines the electrons energy level. • Only a certain number of electrons can occupy, or reside, in a certain energy level.

40. Picture a Building

41. Energy Levels • The basement is where the nucleus is • Each floor is an energy level • The elevator (electron) can gain energy and move from a lower level to a higher level • Or the elevator (electron) can lose energy and move down a level • But the electron cannot get stuck between floors (levels)

42. Energy Levels • Also only a certain number of electrons can fit on each floor (energy level)

43. Energy Levels • 4th energy level Can hold 32 electrons • 3rd energy level can hold 18 electrons • 2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons • 1st energy level can hold only 2 electrons Electron Car Nucleus

44. Energy Levels A Good Example

45. Why Is This a Bad Example of Energy Levels?

46. Atomic mass Atomic number Atomic symbol Nucleus Electron Proton Neutron Atom Element Energy levels, Orbitals, Electron Clouds Vocabulary Revisited

47. Atomic mass. Atomic number. Atomic symbol. How do I find these? Not just the definitions but where do I actually find the information. What Is Left?

48. Back to the Atom • Have you ever heard of the periodic table of elements? • It’s filled with symbols numbers all arranged in a certain way.

49. Periodic Table

50. The Periodic Table • Tells you an elements atomic mass. • Sum of the number of protons, neutrons in the atom. • Tells you the atomic number. • The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. • Gives you the atomic symbol. • The atomic symbol is how we recognize the element, it’s the letter(s) given to the element. Like H for hydrogen.