5.1 Matter and Atoms

5.1 Matter and Atoms

Matter and Atoms What is matter? • Anything w/mass and volume. • Volume is the space that an object takes up. • Mass: is the material an object is made of. (essentially everything) Composed of elements

Matter and Atoms What is an element? Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance. ex. Gold is only gold atoms or silver is only silver atoms…

Periods are arranged horizontally Groups/Families are arranged vertically

Structure of the Atom The atom are composed into three sections: Nucleus (center of the atom) – made up of protons (positive charge)and neutrons (no charge) Electrons (in the outer shells)- have a negative charge.

Classifying Atoms

Structure of the Atom Atomic Number – The number of protons in an atom. Equal to the number of e-. The atomic mass – the avg. of an elements isotopes. Isotopes – When an element has a different # of neutrons than another atom of the same element. Mass Number – The sum of the protons and neutrons

Bonding of Atoms Compounds – Substance made of multiple atoms. Ex. NaCl (Salt)

Bonding of Atoms Covalent Bonds – Compounds that form when electrons are shared b/t atoms

Bonding of Atoms Ionic Bonds – Bonds where electrons are lost or gained to another atom. Usually b/t metal and nonmetal.

Compounds and Mixtures Compounds don’t have the same properties as their base components. Ex. Na and Cl are poisonous, but together they form table salt.

+ = Chlorine Sodium Salt

Compounds and Mixtures Mixtures are not the same as a compound. Mixtures can be separated by physical means.

5.1 Matter and Atoms