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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. The Family. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?blnPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=7fc67569-2894-48a0-8c6d-fed3799f5d6e. Family. Family- a relatively permanent group of people connected by blood, marriage, or adoption that live together and share social and economic responsibilities.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 The Family http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?blnPreviewOnly=1&guidAssetId=7fc67569-2894-48a0-8c6d-fed3799f5d6e

  2. Family • Family- a relatively permanent group of people connected by blood, marriage, or adoption that live together and share social and economic responsibilities. • Types of families • Nuclear • Extended • Orientation • Procreation

  3. Types of Families • Nuclear-composed of one or two parents and their children • Extended-composed of three or more generations • Family of orientation- the family in which one is born into or adopted into • Family of procreation- the family that one creates through marriage

  4. Kinship-a network of individuals related through common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. • How does a family tree portray a kinship system?

  5. Marriage • A legal union that involves a man and a woman as husband and wife • What is the difference between marriage and cohabitation?

  6. Marriage Patterns • Homogamy- marriage between persons with similar characteristics? • Heterogamy- marriage between persons with different characteristics • What is endogamy? What about exogamy?

  7. Patterns cont. • Monogamy- marriage to one person at a time • Serial monogamy- succession of marriage and divorces involving one spouse at a time • Polygamy-marriage to more than one person at a time

  8. Polygamy • Two types of Polygamy: • Polygyny-marriage of one male to two or more females. (Ex. Sister wives, Big Love) • http://tlc.discovery.com/videos/sister-wives-time-divided-between-four-wives.html • Polyandry- marriage of one female to two or more males (ex. Tibetan women can marry more than one man at a time) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0

  9. Residential Patterns • Patrilocal- married couple lives with or near the husband’s family • Matrilocal-married couple lives with or near the wife’s family • Neolocal- married couple lives apart from parents of both spouses Bewitched Everybody Loves Raymond

  10. Patterns of Descent • Patrilineal- tracing kinship through males • Matrilineal- tracing kinship through females • Bilateral- tracing kinship through both males and females

  11. Patterns of Authority • Patriarchy-men dominate the family • Matriarchy-women dominate the family • Egalitarian- men and women share authority

  12. Types of Marriages • Conflict-habituated: Unresolved conflict and tension are the norm • Devitalized: marriage has lost its zest, liveliness or excitement • Passive-congenial: utilitarian in nature, emphasizes practicality rather than emotional closeness • Vital: marriages that are full of life, enjoyment and happiness

  13. Types of Marriages cont. • Total- multifaceted marriages, all important aspects are included • Static- follows traditional marriage roles with little or no room for change • Flexible- allows spouses to negotiate and talk about expectations concerning relationship

  14. Family Types • Single-parent family: composed of one parent and children • Blended family: a family created from previous divorces or separations experienced by one or both spouses

  15. Functions of the family • Regulation of sexual activity: all societies regulate the sexual activities of their members to some degree. • Incest Taboo- norm forbidding sexual relationships or marriage between certain relatives. • Reproduction- to survive societies must replace members who die or move away.

  16. Functions cont. • Socialization- children must be taught the ways of the society into which they were born • Economic and emotional security- the family acts as the basic economic unit in society.

  17. Family Disruption • Family Violence • 3.2 million cases of neglect or physical abuse against children in 1999 • 1998 1 million crimes of violence were committed against people by intimate partners • Divorce • 19.8 million Americans over the age of 19 who are divorced • The number of divorces is 42% and is the highest in the world.

  18. Who is at risk for divorce? • Young spouses, who have a brief courtship, fewer financial resources and less emotional maturity • People of lower social position due to financial strains • The risk of divorce rises for all social classes if an unexpected pregnancy or substance abuse problem is involved

  19. Risk for divorce cont. • People who are non-religious • Two-career marriages due to career related strains and financially independent women • People who have experienced divorce already

  20. Trends in American Family Life • Delayed Marriage • Delayed Childbearing • Childlessness • Dual-Earner Marriages • One Parent Families • Remarriage

  21. Sociological Theories • Structural-functionalism: suggests that the family performs various tasks that contribute to the stability of society • Conflict: suggests that the family perpetuates social inequality • Symbolic interactionism: focuses on how individuals shape and experience family life on a daily basis

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