Grade 11 Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well

1. Grade 11 Psychosocial Health:Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well

2. Defining Psychosocial Health • Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well

3. Elements Shared by Psychosocially Healthy People • They feel good about themselves • They feel comfortable with other people • They control tension and anxiety • They are able to meet the demands of life • They curb hate and guilt • They maintain a positive outlook • They enrich the lives of others • They cherish the things that make them smile • They value diversity • They appreciate and respect nature • How do you view psychosocially healthy people?

4. Characteristics of Psychosocially Healthy and Unhealthy People Figure 2.2

5. Defining Psychosocial Health • Mental Health: The Thinking You • The “thinking” part of psychosocial health • Mentally healthy people tend to respond in positive ways • Irrational thinking may indicate poor mental health

6. Defining Psychosocial Health • Emotional Health: The Feeling You • The “feeling you” • Emotions are complex feelings • Examples include: love, hate, frustration

7. Defining Psychosocial Health • Social Health • Importance of social interactions • Social bonds • Social supports • Prejudices may indicate poor social health

8. Defining Psychosocial Health • Spiritual Health: An Inner Quest for Well-Being • A belief in a unifying force that gives purpose or meaning to life • Four main themes of spirituality: 1) A feeling of interconnectedness 2) Mindfulness 3) Spirituality as a part of daily life 4) Living in harmony with the community

9. Spirituality: A Key to Health and Wellness • Four basic needs satisfied for spiritual health: 1) The need for having 2) The need for relating 3) The need for being 4) The need for transcendence or purpose in life

10. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health • External Factors That Influence Psychosocial Health • Family • The wider environment • Social bonds

11. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health • Internal Factors That Influence Psychosocial Health • Heredity • Hormonal function • Physical fitness

12. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health • Self-efficacy, Self-esteem • Belief in one’s ability • Sense of self-respect • Learned Helplessness vs. Optimism • Learned helplessness (Seligman) • Learned optimism

13. Factors Influencing Psychosocial Health • Personality • Unique mix of characteristics • Influences: • Heredity • Culture • Environment • Healthy personality traits: • Extroversion • Agreeableness • Openness to experience • Emotional stability • Conscientiousness

14. When Psychosocial Health Deteriorates • Mental Illnesses – Disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods and behaviors

15. 1 in 5 Canadians will personally experience a mental illness during their lifetime. • 1 in 8 Canadians will be medically treated for a mental illness. • The onset of most mental illnesses occurs during adolescence and young adulthood. • Schizophrenia affects 1% of the Canadian population. • Anxiety disorders affect 5% of the household population, causing mild to severe impairment. Statistics on Mental Illness in Canada

16. Two Examples of Illnesses Type 1 Diabetes • Physical illness • Caused by inability of pancreas to produce insulin • Treated by daily intake of insulin to allow the body to properly utilize glucose. Schizophrenia • Mental illness • Caused by inability of neurotransmitters in the brain to properly communicate • Treated with antipsychotic drugs that reduce the episodes a person has and allows a normal life

17. Why are those diagnosed with a Physical Illness treated much more differently than those who have been diagnosed with a Mental Illness? Both are illnesses that can be treated with medications! What’s The Difference?

18. Definition:A mark or sign of disgrace or discredit (Oxford Dictionary) • Almost one half (49%) of those who feel they have suffered from depression or anxiety have never gone to see a doctor about this problem. • Stigma or discrimination attached to mental illnesses presents a serious barrier, not only to diagnosis and treatment but also to acceptance in the community. • People diagnosed with mental illnesses are stigmatized everyday. • Stigmas arise from superstition, lack of knowledge, and a tendency to fear and exclude people who are perceived as different. • Stigmas result in stereotyping, fear, embarrassment and often force people into remaining quiet about their mental illness and delay seeking the help that they need Stigma

19. Words like "crazy," "cuckoo," "psycho," "wacko," "nutjob" and the “loony bin” are just a few examples of words that keep the stigma of mental illness alive. These words belittle and offend people with mental health problems. Many of us use them without intending any harm. Would you mock someone for having a physical illness like cancer or heart disease? How do we perpetuate stigmas?

20. Mental Health: The Thinking You • The “thinking” part of psychosocial health • Mentally healthy people tend to respond in positive ways • Irrational thinking may indicate poor mental health • Mentally Healthy people experience stress, frustrations, failure, feelings of self-doubt, and rejection. • What distinguishes a mentally healthy person from someone who is not mentally healthy is resilience. Are you mentally Healthy?

21. Resilience is a person’s ability to recapture their sense of emotional wellness within a reasonable time using a variety of coping strategies. Example: If your partner breaks up with you, you are able to overcome this emotionally and eventually start seeing other people. Resilience

22. Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person • Hopefulness about opportunities & life’s challenges • Persistence • Responsible for own personal behaviour • Respect own needs and the needs of others • Healthy self-confidence • Healthy self-esteem • Manages stress effectively • Has a support network • Seeks help / advice when needed • Healthy attitude towards life’s problems and difficulties

23. How do you know if you have good Mental Health? • Everything feels like it is working well. • You feel good about yourself, your relationships with others, and are able to meet the challenges or demands of life. REMEMBER! • Mental Health is a continuum, it changes from time to time based on things that go wrong and things that go well.

24. As we all know, people experience difficult feelings at various times of their lives. (grief, anger, loneliness, isolation, euphoria). • These become a mental illness when: • the stresses and painful feelings or disorienting patterns of thought seriously interfere with everyday life. • your ordinary coping skills are overwhelmed and not able to help you. How do I know if it is a Mental Health Problem I’m Dealing with?

25. Let’s look at some Myths of Mental Illness that perpetuate stigmas. Before we look at Mental Illness in more detail…

26. #1. People with mental illness are violent and dangerous The truth is that, as a group, mentally ill people are no more violent than any other group. In fact, they are more likely to be the victims of violence than to be violent themselves. (Can. Mental Health Assoc.) Myths of Mental Illness

27. #2. People with mental illness are poor and/or less intelligent. Many studies show that most mentally ill people have average or above-average intelligence. Mental illness, like physical illness, can affect anyone regardless of intelligence, social class or income level.(Can. Mental Health Assoc.) Myths of Mental Illness

28. #3. Mental illness is caused by a personal weakness. A mental illness is not a character flaw. It is an illness, and it has nothing to do with being weak or lacking will-power. Although people with mental illness can play a big part in their own recovery, they did not choose to become ill, and they are not lazy because they cannot just "snap out of it."(Can. Mental Health Assoc.) Myths of Mental Illness

29. Ahealth condition that changes a person’s thinking, feelings, or behaviour (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning The symptoms of mental illness vary from mild to severe, depending on the type of mental illness. There are TWO types of Mental Illness (Neurosis and Psychosis). What is Mental Illness?

30. Milder form of mental illness Neuroses are characterized by such symptoms as: anxiety, insecurity, depression, and unreasonable fears. Most people have these feelings occasionally, but a person who suffers a neurotic disorder has them frequently or even constantly. Such feelings interfere with the individual's life and their relations with others. Neuroses

31. Examples of Neuroses 1) Anxiety Disorders • estimated 1 in 10 people are affected. • People suffering from an anxiety disorder are subject to intense, prolonged feelings of fright and distress for no obvious reason • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRmBJhtys9g • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOVKKv1eicw&feature=plcp

32. 2) Phobias - An intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger A) Specific phobias- are believed to result from a combination of biological factors and life events. ie. fear of: flying, spiders, heights, blood, dogs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezVJuhXqc9Q&feature=plcp B) Social Phobia- excessively fearful of social or performance situations ie. Speaking in public or using public washrooms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UVb4qW7JPE&feature=plcp Examples of Neuroses

34. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) • OCD occurs when worries become obsessions, and the compulsive rituals so excessive, that they dominate a person's life. • For example: washing hands, arranging tableware, counting stairs, same routine for leaving house http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj-w0qfjvas&feature=plcp Examples of Neuroses

35. Depression: The Full-Scale Tumble 4) Depression • Depression becomes an illness, or clinical depression, when feelings of worthlessness and self-blame, sadness, disappointment and emptiness are severe, last several weeks, or interfere with one’s life. • The “common cold” of psychological disturbances • People with major depressive disorders experience the following: • Chronic mood disorder • Extreme and persistent sadness • Feelings of despair • They feel discouraged by life • 15% attempt and or succeed in suicide http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=IeZCmqePLzM&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&v=qVEueGutbSs&NR=1

36. Depression • Depression and Gender • 8-11% of men experience • 19-23% of women experience • Adolescent and adult females twice the rate of males • Hormonal factors may contribute to increase in women • Equal rates for males and females in college • The total number of 12-19 year olds in Canada at risk for developing depression is a staggering 3.2 million.

37. Depression • Risks for Depression • Interaction of biology, learned behaviors, and cognitive factors. • Chemical and genetic processes may be predisposing factors

38. Depression • Facts and Fallacies About Depression • True depression is not a natural response to crisis and loss • People will not snap out of depression by using a little willpower • Frequent crying is not a hallmark of depression • Depression is not all in the mind but is chemical in nature • Only in-depth psychotherapy can cure long-term clinical depression

39. More severe form of mental illness A serious but treatable medical condition that reflects a disturbance in brain functioning A person with psychosis experiences some loss of contact with reality, characterized by changes in their way of thinking, believing, perceiving and/or behaving Psychoses

40. Schizophrenia • A biological disorder of the brain • People with schizophrenia may experience one or all of these main conditions: - delusions and/or hallucinations - lack of motivation - social withdrawal - thought disorders. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYZauBSRuWQ&feature=plcp • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjqRYgICgdU&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVHNGZ0Omx0&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmKoqW4eZK4&feature=related Examples of Psychoses

41. Examples of Psychoses • Bipolar Disorder • biological brain disorder that results in extreme psychological and emotional mood swings. • Feelings of intense depression are coupled with extreme energy and exuberance; delusions of grandiosity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyJn_3LkE8w

42. Treatment of Mental Illness • Treatments Can Include: • Cognitive therapy - based on the theory that much of how we feel is determined by what we think. Research on depression has shown that people with depression often have inaccurate beliefs about themselves, their situation and the world. • Interpersonal therapy - focuses on the interpersonal relationships of the depressed person. The idea of interpersonal therapy is that depression can be treated by improving the communication patterns and how people relate to others. • Drug therapy - medication • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - formerly known as electroshock, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect.

43. Abraham Lincoln Winston Churchill Sir Isaac Newton Vincent Van Gogh Ludwig van Beethoven Alanis Morissette Kurt Cobain What do these people have in common?

44. Abraham Lincoln - Depression Winston Churchill - Depression Sir Isaac Newton - Bipolar Disorder Vincent Van Gogh - Bipolar Disorder Ludwig van Beethoven - Bipolar Disorder Alanis Morissette - Depression Kurt Cobain - Depression (suicide) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCrFNaWgheg&feature=related All have suffered from a Mental Illness…yet they are considered leaders in their respective fields!

45. Suicide: Giving Up on Life • Facts about Suicide in Canada • Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women from adolescence to middle age. • The mortality rate due to suicide among men is four times the rate among women. • Suicide is among the leading causes of death in 15-24 year old Canadians, second only to accidents; 4,000 people die prematurely each year by suicide.

46. Suicide: Giving Up on Life • Warning Signs of Suicide • Recent loss and inability to let go of grief • Change in personality • Change in behavior • Diminished sexual drive • Change in sleep • Expressions of self-hatred • What are some other signs that you have heard of or experienced?

47. Suicide: Giving Up on Life • Taking Action to Prevent Suicide • Monitor the warning signs • Take any threats seriously • Let the person know you care • Listen • Ask directly, “Are you thinking of hurting yourself?” • Don’t belittle the person’s feelings • Help think of alternatives • Tell the persons friends, family, and counselor

48. Tell Ask Listen KeepSafe safetalk Ask When someone is (INVITATIONS), they are sometimes thinking about suicide. Are you thinking about suicide? Tell As clearly and directly as possible INVITATIONS Listen Let’s TALK about this. I am Listening...This is important. KeepSafe We need extra help. I want to connect you with someone who can help you KeepSafe.

49. Seeking Professional Help • Fact • 1 in 5 people seek help • An exam should include three parts • Physical checkup • Psychiatric history • Mental status exam • Why do you think more people don’t seek professional help?