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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Chp 10-1. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. “Between the rivers” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is known as the Fertile Crescent Began settling here Around 4500 BC. Mesopotamia. Used irrigation systems to water crops

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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

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  1. Chp 10-1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

  2. “Between the rivers” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is known as the Fertile Crescent Began settling here Around 4500 BC Mesopotamia

  3. Used irrigation systems to water crops Developed a 12 month calendar based on the phases of the moon to help prepare for the yearly floods The plow was first used here Sumer is where the first city-states were located They invented the wheel and the sailboat

  4. At the center of each city was a ziggurat with a temple at the top Polytheistic Originally was a theocracy, but eventually military leaders took over Religion and Government

  5. The Sumerians developed the first system of writing Made up of hundreds of shapes like wedges Used sharp edged reeds to write on clay tablets that they would dry in the sun Worlds first story is from this region The Epic of Gilgamesh Cuneiform

  6. Around 2300 BC the kingdom of Akkad conquered Sumer and its king created an empire (Akkadian Empire) It fell to Babylon around 1800 BC Babylon’s greatest king was Hammurabi. Built temples and irrigation canals Number system based on 60 ( we borrowed the 60 minute hour, 60 second minute, and 360 degree circle) Code of Hammurabi- first collection of written laws

  7. After Hammurabi’s death his empire was divided Eventually it was ruled by the Chaldeans and their king Nebuchadnezzar Rebuilt Babylon Built the Hanging Gardens for his wife who missed the mountains and plants of her native land New Babylon

  8. Settled along the Nile River • It’s the world’s longest river (4160 miles). It is the only river in the world that flows north. • Every year in the middle of July the Nile floods • This gives the land around the Nile very fertile soil Ancient Egypt

  9. There were 2 kingdoms- Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt In 3100 BC the Upper Egypt king Namer combined the 2 kingdoms in to 1 Adopted the title Pharaoh (means “great house”) Theocracy Pharaoh was a god, a king, and a priest

  10. Re- sun god Hapi- river god Horus- sky god Osiris- god of the harvest and eternal life Egyptians believed the soul could not survive without the body Built elaborate tombs called pyramids for the pharaohs Religion

  11. Wrote using hieroglyphics (pictures used for words or sounds Wrote on papyrus which grows along the Nile Developed ink Some writing still exist today because of the dry climate Egyptian Writing

  12. Used a number system based on tens Used fractions and whole numbers Developed geometry to measure land Used the flooding to make a calendar First to use splints, bandages, and compresses Skilled at using stitches and setting broken bones Had remedies for hair loss and indigestion Math and Medicine

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