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د. بســام كحـالــه Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh

د. بســام كحـالــه Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh. 22342. Computer Organization & Assembly Language. Chapter 2:. 22342 – Computer Organization & Assembly Language. Intel Architecture IA - 32. Intel Processors History. Register File. ALU. Microprocessor Architecture. M E M O R Y. Microprocessor.

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د. بســام كحـالــه Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh

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  1. د. بســام كحـالــه Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh 22342 Computer Organization&Assembly Language

  2. Chapter 2: 22342 – Computer Organization & Assembly Language Intel ArchitectureIA - 32

  3. Intel Processors History

  4. Register File ALU Microprocessor Architecture MEMORY Microprocessor Address Data

  5. Modes of Operation • Real-Address Mode • 20-Bit Address (1 MB Memory) • 8/16-Bit Data • 8/16-Bit Registers • Protected Mode • Virtual Mode • System Management Mode

  6. Real Mode Registers  8 Bits   8 Bits  AccumulatorRegister AH AL AX BaseRegister BH BL BX CountRegister CH CL CX DH DL DivisionRegister DX

  7. Real Mode Registers  16 Bits  Source Index SI DestinationIndex DI Base Pointer BP Stack Pointer SP InstructionPointer IP

  8. Real Mode Registers  16 Bits  Code Segment CS Data Segment DS Extra Segment ES Stack Segment SS

  9. Real Mode Memory Segmentation • Previous Microprocessors • 8-bit Data, 16-bit Address •  64 KByte Memory Space • Code Segment • Data Segment • Overlapping 0 0 0 0 0 ↓ 0 F FFF Byte 64 K 1 M 1 0 0 0 0 ↓ 1 F FFF 64 K

  10. Real Mode Addressing • 64 KB Segmentation • 16-Byte Boundary Alignment • Seg:Offset Notation Example: 20 Bits Segment Register 0000 Offset + Memory Address

  11. Flags • Status Flags • Carry (CF) • Overflow (OF) • Sign (SF) • Zero (ZF) • Auxiliary Carry (AC) • Parity (PF) • Control Flags • Direction, Interrupt, etc. - - - - OF DF IF TF SF ZF - AC - PF - CF

  12. Intel 8086/8088 AH AL BH BL CH CL DH DL ALU Operations: ADD SUB MUL DIV INC DEC AND OR   SI DI BP SP IP CS DS ES SS

  13. x86 Assembly Language • Instruction Format • Mnemonic • One or More Operands • Machine Code • Assembly Statement • Label • Instruction • Comment Opcode Mode Operands Mnemonic Operands

  14. Chapter 2

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