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Historical Waves of Democratization: From 1900 to Present

Explore the progression of democracy from 1900 to the modern era, tracing the waves of democratization across different regions and analyzing the factors influencing the shift towards democratic governance. From Huntington’s Waves of Democracy to the current trends shaped by culture, education, wealth, and social capital, this overview sheds light on the evolving landscape of political systems globally.

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Historical Waves of Democratization: From 1900 to Present

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  1. Democratization In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today more than half do

  2. Huntington’s Waves of Democracy--first wave 1828-1926 • Before WWI: U.S., Britain and settler colonies, France, Scandinavia, Italy, Argentina • Then after WWI, post-Imperial Europe: • Weimar Germany, Poland, Austria, Baltics, Czechoslovakia, plus Spain, Chile

  3. First reverse wave 1922-42 • Fascism, Soviet expansion

  4. Second Wave 1943-62 • Fall of fascism • Germany, Italy, Austria, Japan • and many others--Korea, several in Latin America, India, Nigeria

  5. Second reverse wave 1958-1973 • tensions of cold war, failures of new democracies, one-party model, rise of “bureaucratic authoritarianism” • Greece, Turkey, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, India, Africa, Latin America

  6. Third Wave--1974- • Last non-Communist European non-democracies fall--Spain, Portugal, Greece • Latin American non-democracies transition out • Asia--Taiwan, Korea, Philippines, India, etc. • Fall of Communism • South Africa, Nigeria

  7. Who left? • China and some of Asia • Most of Africa • Most Muslim nations

  8. What contributes to countries becoming democratic? • culture • education • wealth • --based on commerce and a middle class, not resources

  9. The End of History? • Communism, Fascism discredited • only democracy legitimate? • other possibilities? • Islamic fundamentalist? • Asian values? • community and family over individual • order and harmony over personal freedom • Is democracy a universal good?

  10. Putnam on Social Capital • measuring governmental effectiveness in Italy • wealth • education • social capital • same results in America--the heart of social capital • places/people with social capital are wealthier, healthier, happier, and more democratic • disappearance of social capital--Bowling Alone

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