Civil servants in Denmark with misconducts in office 1736 - 1936

1. The Danish history of corruption and anticorruption 1700 - 1950Mette Frisk JensenDepartment of Culture and SocietyAarhus University and QOG University of Gothenburg

2. Civil servants in Denmark with misconducts in office 1736 - 1936

3. The Danish history of corruption in the 19th century • Increase in the number of civil servants prosecuted for corrupt crimes in the years form 1810 to 1830 • The increase coincided with a severe economic crisis in the wake of the Napoleon War• Since 1860 the level of bureaucratic corruption has been low and fairly constant • The corruption in the 19th century primarily took the form of embezzlements

4. The government’s handling of the corruption by the civil servants in the beginning of the 19th. century • Detailed control of the civil servants accounts by officials from the central administration 1819 - 1830 • Major revision of accounts in 1840 • New penal codes in 1840 and 1866 • Major revision of wages and pensions

5. Weber’s model of the bureaucracy and the Danish administration • Lack of separation in the civil servants private and public economy • Lack of fixed wages and full time working civil servants • Lack of systematic control with the civil servants accounts

6. The study of corruption and anticorruption in the 18th century • The empirical study of the civil servants corruption • How was bribery eliminater? • How and why was the sale of public offices eliminated? • The establishment of a corps of royal servants and their development to civil servants • The oath of office after 1660 • The use of surety • The use of partitions • The legislation on corrupt crimes • The general notion of justice and the ethics of public office

8. The oath of office

9. The legislation Embezzlements – laws from 1690 and 1739 Bribery – law from 1700 Forgery – part of the Law-complex The Danish Law from 1683