Chapter 10 section 1

1. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Pg.302 Setting the Scene Jefferson was the first Democratic-Republican to take office since the division into political parties. His inauguration was very informal and low-key. President Jefferson Inauguration banner

2. A Republican Takes Office Jefferson’s Democratic Style Chapter 10 section 1 Pg.302 Jefferson wanted the country to be more democratic. Jefferson believed that each citizen (farmers and businessmen should have a voice in government and play a part in the new nation. People should vote and participate in government. Democratic = ensuring that all people have the same rights (and same opportunities)

3. A Republican Takes Office Jefferson’s Democratic Style Chapter 10 section 1 Pg.302 “Educate and inform the whole mass of the people. Enable them to see that it is their interest to preserve peace and order, and they will preserve them… They are the only [ones to rely on] for the preservation of our liberty.” Jefferson believed that students should learn about the government, how it works, our nation’s history, and the Constitution. If they are well educated about their rights and responsibilities, they will do a good job protecting them. Because of this, Jefferson supported public schools.

4. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Jefferson’s Democratic Style Pg.303 INFORMAL VS. FORMAL Dress / clothing Jefferson’s style Federalist’s Style Jefferson preferred a more informal style of dressing. Less wigs, more comfortable.

5. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Jefferson’s Democratic Style Pg.303 INFORMAL VS. FORMAL handshake bowing Greeting Jefferson’s style Federalist’s Style Jefferson preferred a more informal style of greeting. Less kneeling, hat tipping, and bowing.

6. Chapter 10 section 1 Pg.303 President Obama’s Style President Obama bowing to Saudi King.

7. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Jefferson’s Democratic Style Pg.303 Jefferson tries to reassure the Federalists... Even though we are a majority now, I will not treat the Federalists harshly. Every American, even the minority, posses their equal rights “which equal laws must protect.” In a way, “we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” We are all part of this national government chosen by the people. Can’t we all just get along? Jefferson’s Inauguration Speech Following a Precedent

8. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 New Economic Policies Thomas Jefferson had different ideas for the economy than the ones put in place by Alexander Hamilton. He wanted a smaller government with less taxes and less workers. Less… means more... Less government, more freedom. Less government, more money in the citizen’s pocket instead of in the treasury for the government to spend.

9. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 New Economic Policies Thomas Jefferson chose Albert Gallatin as his Secretary of the Treasury. President Jefferson Albert Gallatin

10. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 New Economic Policies Albert Gallatin was seen as a financial wizard. He was very good at figuring out the economy and how to make it work well.

11. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 A financial wizard’s hat? Albert Gallatin Professor Jefferson Dumbledore

12. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 New Economic Policies The idea of Laissez Faire economic policies are to “let alone” or leave businesses and trade to regulate and control themselves as much as possible. Don’t put tons of government regulations on businesses. Don’t try to control the natural cycle of supply and demand in the economy. Thomas Jefferson Albert Gallatin

13. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.303 New Economic Policies The idea of Free Market economic policies are to allow businesses to compete fairly and evenly in a market with very little government regulation (like tariffs, duties, and extra taxes) put on products or businesses. Allow the best product at the best price to win in economic competition. Thomas Jefferson Albert Gallatin

14. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304 A Less Active Government GOAL: Reduce the size of the Government 1 Cut the federal budget 2 Use Laissez-Faire “hands off policies towards businesses 3 Allow the free market economy to work without interference 4 Make government departments smaller 5 Make the army and navy smaller 6 Get rid of the Whiskey Tax which was unpopular with farmers

15. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304 A Less Active Government GOAL Reduce the size of the Government - Cut the federal budget The budget is the amount of money the government spends each year. The smaller the budget, the lower the taxes. The smaller the budget, the less people working for the government.

16. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304 A Less Active Government GOAL Reduce the size of the Government I would like to cut the federal budget to make the government smaller and taxes lower. We’ll find ways to cut the budget by eliminating jobs in the government. We will cut the waste and unnecessary spending as well. This will help keep the budget balanced and low. But Mr. Jefferson, I think we should keep the Bank of the U.S. Albert Gallatin Secretary of the Treasury

17. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304 A Less Active Government GOAL: Reconcile (fix) Political Party Differences 1 Keep the bank of the U.S. 2 Continue to pay off states’ debts w/ federal tax money. 3 Allow many Federalists to keep their jobs in the government.

18. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304 Jefferson’s Goals Reduce the size of the Government - Cut the federal budget - Use Laissez-Faire “hands off” policies towards businesses - Allow the free market economy to work without interference - Make government departments smaller - Make the army and navy smaller - Get rid of the Whiskey Tax which was unpopular with farmers Reconcile (fix) party differences - Keep the bank of the U.S. - Continue to pay off states’ debts w/ federal tax money. - Allow many Federalists to keep their jobs in the government.

19. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office A Smaller Role for the Federal Government Pg.304

20. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Strengthening the Supreme Court Pg.304 After the election of 1800... The House of Representatives The Senate DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR F F F F F F F F F F F F DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR F F F F F F DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR The Democratic-Republicans won more seats in both houses of Congress making it easier for pro-Democratic-Republican and pro-Jefferson laws to be passed.

21. Chapter 10 section 1 A Republican Takes Office Strengthening the Supreme Court Pg.304 Supreme Court New! New! New! F F F Federal District Courts Before leaving office, Adams asked the Federalist controlled Congress to create new Federal District Courts. Adams could then appoint Federalist judges to work at those courts, helping the Federalist Party keep some power in the Judicial Branch.

22. Strengthening the Supreme Court Chapter 10 section 1 Pgs.304-305 Marbury v. Madison To keep power for the Federalists, I will add more courts and more Federalist judges. Last minute appointment I am supposed to be a judge. President Adams said so. I’m suing James Madison for not delivering my appointment to Congress for approval. We will not accept this last minute “midnight” appointment! Do not deliver the appointment. President Adams William Marbury President Jefferson Chief Justice John Marshall This case should not be in the Supreme Court. This part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional. I find in favor of James Madison. I did nothing wrong. I just followed what the President told me to do. Secretary of State James Madison

23. An Important Precedent Chapter 10 section 1 Pg.305 Even though I got what I wanted I think that this gives the Judicial Branch too much power. They are more powerful than Congress and the President! Supreme Court John Marshall’s decision was the first time the Supreme Court reviewed a law and declared part of it unconstitutional. This created the power of JudicialReview. “The opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are constitutional and what not, not only for themselves … but for the Legislature and Executive also … would make the Judiciary a [tyrannical] branch” Judicial Review