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Electrons

Learn about Niels Bohr's model that describes how electrons move in spherical orbits around the nucleus, arranged in energy levels with specific electron capacities. Discover how to draw atoms and understand valence electrons in the modern atomic model.

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Electrons

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  1. Electrons Ch.17 Sec.1

  2. Niels Bohr • (1885-1962) • Worked w/ Rutherford • Agreed that atom had nucleus surrounded by large volume of space

  3. 4.3 Modern Atomic Theory • Bohr’s Model: describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom • The electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus • Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels and only a certain number of electrons may occupy each energy level

  4. How to Draw Atoms • Bohr Model - electrons move around the nucleus in orbits or energy levels • Like planets around sun

  5. Energy Levels • Different levels have different energies • Can lose or gain energy and change levels • Levels closest to nucleus are lowest energy (less likely to be used in bonding)

  6. Energy Levels • Electrons can move from one energy level to another when an atom loses or gains energy • All atoms have 2 electrons in their 1st energy level (level closest to the nucleus) • 2nd level = 8 • The levels closest to the nucleus has the strongest attraction or bonds • The last energy level of any atom has a maximum of 8 electrons

  7. How To Draw Atoms • Many energy levels: • 1st -max of 2 e- • 2nd -max of 8 e- • 3rd - max of 18 e- • Must fill up in order

  8. Valence Electrons • Electrons in outermost shell are called valence electrons • Ex: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, but 6 total electrons

  9. Bohr Model of Atoms & Energy Levels

  10. Modern Atomic Model • Today use electron cloud model • Electron cloud shows most probable location of e- • Cloud is thicker where e- more likely to be • Like ceiling fan or propeller on plane

  11. Electron Cloud Model

  12. Electron Cloud Model

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