1 / 22

Electrons

Electrons. Chemistry Dr. May. Atomic Inventory. Protons (Atomic Number) Neutrons (Atomic Mass minus Protons) Electrons (Same number as protons). Atomic Particles. nucleus. 1. + 1. nucleus. 1. 0.  1. cloud. 0. Electron Function.

kyrie
Download Presentation

Electrons

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Electrons Chemistry Dr. May

  2. Atomic Inventory • Protons (Atomic Number) • Neutrons (Atomic Mass minus Protons) • Electrons (Same number as protons)

  3. Atomic Particles nucleus 1 + 1 nucleus 1 0  1 cloud 0

  4. Electron Function • Only the electrons of an atom are involved in chemical reactions • Only the electrons in the outermost orbital are involved in chemical reactions

  5. Outermost Electrons • Atoms have between 1 and 8 electrons in the outermost orbital • These electrons are called valence electrons • Only valence electrons are involved in chemical reactions

  6. Electron Distribution and Configuration

  7. Electron Configuration • Krypton • 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 • Sodium • 1s22s22p63s1 • Chlorine • 1s22s22p63s23p5

  8. Reading Electron Configurations • Krypton - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 • The large numbers are the orbitals and in the known elements can go from 1 to 7

  9. Reading Electron Configurations • Krypton - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 • The letters s,p,and d represent the suborbitals • The fourth letter f is not used in Kr

  10. Suborbitals • The suborbitals (s,p,d and f) are named after lines in the electromagnetic spectrum: s = sharp p = principle d = diffuse f = fundamental

  11. Metal Salts Burning

  12. Reading Electron Configurations • Krypton - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 • The superscript or exponent (2p6)represents the number of electrons in each suborbital • Kr has 6 electrons in the 2p

  13. Valence Electrons • Krypton - 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 has 8 valence electrons • Sodium - 1s22s22p63s1 has 1 valence electron • Chlorine - 1s22s22p63s23p5 has 7 valence electrons

  14. Element 118 • 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p67s25f146d107p6 • Element 118 (ununoctium) (Uuo) • Has 118 electrons • Has 8 valence electrons • Is an inert gas • Was discovered at Berkley in 1999

  15. Na = 1 Ca = 2 Al = 3 C = 4 N = 5 O = 6 Cl = 7 Ne = 8 Valence ElectronsSum of the outermost s an p electrons

  16. Na = (1) +1 Ca = (2) +2 Al = (3) +3 C = (4) +4 or –4 N = (5) +5 or –3 O = (6) –2 Cl = (7) –1 Ne = (8) 0 Oxidation NumberNumber of valence electrons lost (+) or gained (–) during a chemical reaction

  17. Distribution Of Sodium

  18. Distribution Of Sodium Ion

  19. Distribution Of Chlorine

  20. Distribution Of Chloride Ion

  21. Opposite Charges Attract

  22. The End • This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department at Howard High School of Technology • Please send suggestions and comments to rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us

More Related