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Chapter 5 Heredity. Pages 125-143. Genetics terminology. Traits – things that you inherit from your parents Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring Genetics- the study of how the traits are inherited Probability- the chance that something will take place (odds).
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Chapter 5 Heredity Pages 125-143
Genetics terminology • Traits – things that you inherit from your parents • Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring • Genetics- the study of how the traits are inherited • Probability- the chance that something will take place (odds)
This code is called the genotype. • The result of the code is called the phenotype • Tongue Rolling example
Genotype can be • Heterozygous • Homozygous
Vocab we all need to know… • Dominant Trait– • Recessive Trait- • Heterozygous- • Homozygous- • Genotype- • Phenotype
The Punnett Square • 1. Traits • 2. Parents
Genotypes and % • Phenotypes and %
Worked with pea plants (30,000 total) • Found out that some traits were dominant and some recessive
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity • 1. Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes. • 2. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. • 3. During meiosis the chromosomes that carry the two forms of the allele go into separate sex cells (gametes). • Punnett Square
Punnett Square Practice • 1a. BB x bb
Problem 1b. • Bb x Bb
Conclusion…. • According to my to hypothesis our prediction of male to female should have 1:1. Our data was close, for example
Incomplete Dominance • When you have two alleles and both are dominant.
Sex Linked Traits • Traits that associated with being male or female
How to do a punnett square for sex-linked traits. • In humans colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. Show the possible children of a female carrier and a normal male.
ATB-In mice having fur is a dominant trait, what can you say about the genotype of this creature?
Lemming Lab • http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Punnett/punnettsquares.html
Fly Lab # 3 Dihybrid Cross • Predictions for Phenotypes • Orange & Round = 56.25% • Orange & Bar = 18.75% • Black and Round = 18.75% • Black and Bar = 6.25%
Lab • Four different colors of dice • Female • Blue (body color) • Yellow (eye shape) • Male • White (body color) • Black (eye shape)
Human Sex Determination • Human Chromosomes • Hemophilia a sex linked disease
Fly packet conclusions due Wednesday…. • For each give a purpose statement saying what was the lab about. • Type your conclusion
Colorblindness is a sex-linked disease, show the offspring of a female carrier and a male with the disease. • color vision test
Incomplete Dominance • In some flowers white and red flowers have incomplete dominance. What types of offspring could a red and white flower have?
Polygenic Inheritance • When many genes contribute to a trait. • It produces a wide variety of results in the phenotype. • Hair color, eye color, height, weight,
Blood Type • 3 genes determine blood type,A, B, O • You only get 2 at a time • A and B are “co-dominant” • O recessive • blood type
50-50 chances lab Coin flip lab Lemming lab Punnett square ws Punnett square quiz Biologica (dragon) Punnett sq. review crossword Pea pod lab Polygenic lab (height) Green pepper lab Fly packet Inherited traits (face) Fly conclusions Chapter rev NTWS Portfolios Due Tuesday
Blood Type • Multiple alleles • Co-dominance • Blood Type Gene Possiblities
Universal Donor – can give blood to anyone • Type O • Universal Recipient – can get blood from anynone • Type AB