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Hellenistic Diffusion

Hellenistic Diffusion. 338 B.C – 148 B.C. Alexander the Great. Ruled: 336 B.C. to 323 B.C. I. Phillip Rules Macedonian. 359 B.C. to 336 B.C. Develops stronger Phalanx and Elite cavalry Unites all Macedonian cities. II. Philip Conquers Greece. Greeks not United

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Hellenistic Diffusion

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  1. Hellenistic Diffusion 338 B.C – 148 B.C.

  2. Alexander the Great Ruled: 336 B.C. to 323 B.C.

  3. I. Phillip Rules Macedonian • 359 B.C. to 336 B.C. • Develops stronger Phalanx and Elite cavalry • Unites all Macedonian cities

  4. II. Philip Conquers Greece • Greeks not United • Thebes most powerful, ally to Athens • Demosthenes- Athenian orator – Warns of Macedonian power • Battle of Chaeronea – Alexander commands cavalry ,18 years old – Theban-Athenian alliance defeated • Corinthian league established to go after Persia

  5. III. Alexander’s Reign • 336 B.C. to 323 B.C. • Had excellent education • Mother Olympia very influential • Phillip Assassinated • Alexander takes over

  6. IV. Alexander invades Persia • Spring of 334 • 37,000 soldiers • Scholars, scribes, architects, engineers, etc accompany Alex. • Battles Granicus, Issus, and Gaugemela 334 to 331 destroy Persia. • Alexander conquers Egypt 332 and all the way to the Indus River by 327. • Troops mutiny in India and he returns to Babylon. • After making plans for further operations, he dies of a fever in Babylon 323

  7. V. Alexander’s Legacy • Spread of Greek Culture to East • Treating Conquered peoples as equals • Incorporating the Best of all culture to form Hellenistic World • Forming Cities like Alexandria in Egypt • Alexander’s Empire divided between his Generals • Hellenistic culture spread to Mediterranean by Muslim Conquerors in 7th and 8th century AD as well as Phoenician traders and Alexander himself. • Foundation for Western Civilization

  8. Hellenistic World 323 B.C. to 148 B.C.

  9. I. Empire Splits • Alexander’s Empire split up into 3 then 4 kingdoms • Ptolemy in Egypt • Antigonous in Greece • Seleuces in Persia • Attalids in Pergamum – broke away from Seleucid • Hellenistic monarchies ruled as absolute monarchs • Betrayed the vision of Alexander • Did not include natives in there government • Maintained a Greek monoploy on power • Promoted Greek colonization within their monarchies • Hellenization limited to urban areas

  10. II. Positive Influences • Expansion of Education • Gymnasia • Science • Physical science separated from Philosophy • Centered in Alexandria • Systematic observation and empirical research • Aristarchus – Heliocentric model – earth axis • Euclid – modern Geometry • Archimedes of Syracuse – invented a lot of devices • Discovered specific gravity • Established constant for pi • Few practical applications for labor saving devices.

  11. II. Positive Influences (Cont’d) • Philosophy • Epicuras – a doctrine of “pleasure” – Happiness main goal in life. • Not Physical Pleasure but relief from worry and pain • Zeno – Stoicism – Happiness to be found only in virtue. Virtue was defined as living in harmony with the will of God or the gods. Stoics accepted anything that happened to you as the will of God. • Religion • Syncretism – combining of Dieties • Mystery religions – secret initiation rituals, eternal salvation by achieving union with a particular diety • Judaism - Jews living outside of Jerusalem adopt hellenistic ways

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