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Ch. 6 Warm-Up

Ch. 6 Warm-Up. What are the 2 main types of cells? Which Domains do they consist of? List 3 ways that eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes. Chapter 6. A Tour of the Cell. You Must Know. Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Ch. 6 Warm-Up

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  1. Ch. 6 Warm-Up • What are the 2 main types of cells? Which Domains do they consist of? • List 3 ways that eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes.

  2. Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell

  3. You Must Know • Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • The structure and function of organelles common to plant and animal cells. • The structure and function of organelles found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.

  4. 2 Types of Cells: • Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria & Archaea • Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya): Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

  5. A Prokaryotic Cell (bacteria)

  6. Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote • “before”“kernel” • No nucleus • DNA in a nucleoid • No organelles other than ribosomes • Small size • Primitive • i.e. Bacteria & Archaea • “true”“kernel” • Has nucleus and nuclear envelope • Membrane-bound organelles with specialized structure/function • Much larger in size • More complex • i.e. plant/animal cell

  7. Nucleus • Function: control center of cell • Contains DNA • Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) • Continuous with the rough ER • Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

  8. Nucleus • Contains DNA • Function: control center of cell • Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) • Continuous with the rough ER • Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus • Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes • Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

  9. Ribosomes • Function: protein synthesis • Composed of rRNA + protein • Types: • Free ribosomes: float in cytosol, produce proteins used within cell • Bound ribosomes: attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell

  10. Endomembrane System: Regulates protein traffic & performs metabolic functions

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Network of membranes and sacs • Types: • Rough ER: ribosomes on surface • Function: package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane • Smooth ER: no ribosomes on surface • Function: synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs & poisons, store Ca2+

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  13. Golgi Apparatus • Function: synthesis & packaging of materials (small molecules) for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes

  14. Lysosomes • Function: intracellular digestion; recycle cell’s materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis) • Containshydrolytic enzymes

  15. Vacuoles • Function: storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons) • Membrane-bound vesicles • Eg. food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles • Plants: large central vacuole -- stores water, ions

  16. Parts of plant & animal cell p 108-109

  17. Mitochondria • Function: site of cellular respiration • Double membrane: outer and inner membrane • Cristae: folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area to  ATP made

  18. Chloroplasts • Function: site of photosynthesis • Double membrane • Thylakoid disks in stacks (grana); stroma (fluid) • Contains chlorophylls (pigments) for capturing sunlight energy

  19. Peroxisomes • Functions: break down fatty acids; detox alcohol • Involves production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

  20. Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers • Function: support, motility, regulate biochemical activities

  21. Plant Cells • Cell wall: protect plant, maintain shape • Composed of cellulose • Plasmodesmata: channels between cells to allow passage of molecules

  22. Endosymbiont theory • Mitochondria & chloroplasts share similar origin • Prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotic cells • Evidence: • Double-membrane structure • Have own ribosomes & DNA • Reproduce independently within cell

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