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Excretory System

Excretory System. Figure 44.8a. Most aquatic animals, including most bony fishes. Many reptiles (including birds), insects, land snails. Mammals, most amphibians, sharks, some bony fishes. Uric acid. Urea. Ammonia. Higher solute concentration. Lower solute concentration. •. •.

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Excretory System

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  1. Excretory System

  2. Figure 44.8a Most aquaticanimals, includingmost bony fishes Many reptiles(including birds),insects, land snails Mammals, mostamphibians, sharks,some bony fishes Uric acid Urea Ammonia

  3. Higher soluteconcentration Lower soluteconcentration • • Lower free H2Oconcentration Higher free H2Oconcentration • • Figure 44.2 Selectively permeablemembrane Solutes Water Hypoosmotic side: Hyperosmotic side: Net water flow

  4. Kidney Structure Figure 44.14b Renalcortex Renalmedulla Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Renal pelvis

  5. Nephron Organization Afferent arteriolefrom renal artery Figure 44.14d Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule Proximaltubule Peritubularcapillaries Distaltubule Efferentarteriolefrom glomerulus Branch ofrenal vein Descendinglimb LoopofHenle Vasarecta Collectingduct Ascendinglimb

  6. Figure 44.14e 200 m Blood vessels from a human kidney. Arterioles and peritubular capillaries appear pink; glomeruli appear yellow.

  7. Osmoreceptors inhypothalamus triggerrelease of ADH. Figure 44.19-2 Thirst Hypothalamus Drinking reducesblood osmolarityto set point. ADH Pituitarygland Increasedpermeability Distaltubule STIMULUS:Increase in bloodosmolarity (forinstance, aftersweating profusely) H2O reab-sorption helpsprevent furtherosmolarityincrease. Collecting duct Homeostasis:Blood osmolarity(300 mOsm/L)

  8. ADHreceptor LUMEN Collectingduct Figure 44.20 COLLECTINGDUCT CELL ADH cAMP Second-messengersignaling molecule Storagevesicle Exocytosis Aquaporinwater channel H2O H2O

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