Modals and Semi Modals

1. Modalsand Semi Modals Alnajah Junior High School

2. What are They ? may/ might could should can must have to be able to modals وsemi modals هي أفعال مساعدة تغير معنى الفعل الرئيسي Alnajah Junior High School

3. Alnajah Junior High School

4. What is special about them? Alnajah Junior High School

5. How? 1. Modal verbs are always followed by a verb in its base form. EXAMPLES: I canspeak Italian. He canspeak Italian. Compare: I speak Italian. He speaks Italian. (NOT- He can to speak…) بعد هذه الأفعال, يأتي الفعل بصيغته الأساسية Alnajah Junior High School

6. How? 2. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person in the present simple. EXAMPLES: • He speaks Italian. • He canspeak Italian. (NOT- He cans speak…) Alnajah Junior High School

7. How? 3. We use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. (We don’t use the helping verb “do”) EXAMPLES: They might notcome to the party. Compare: They don’t come to the party. Not: They don’t might come to the party. عند نفي أفعال أل modals نستعملnot وليس الفعل المساعد do Alnajah Junior High School

8. Modal Verbs and their substitutes • Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know their meaning and the substitute for these modal verbs. لا نستطيع استعمال أفعال ال modals في جميع الأزمنة باللغة الانجليزية . لذا نحن بحاجة لمعرفة معناها... Alnajah Junior High School

9. Can/ Can’t We use these modals to express: • General ability/ disability - قدرة • I can walk. • = I have the general ability to dothe action of walking. • I can’t hear you, it is too noisy. • =I don’t have the ability to hear what you are saying because of the noise. Alnajah Junior High School

10. Can/Can’t • Possibility/ impossibility – عرض إمكانية • I have some free time. I can help her now. • =I have the opportunity to help her. • I can't help her now because I don't have any time. • =I don’t have the opportunity to help her. Alnajah Junior High School

11. Can/Can’t • Request طلب الإذن - Can I use your pen? Alnajah Junior High School

12. Can Could In the past, can changes to could. He could speak only Arabic when he was a kid. He couldn’t speak to his neighbor who speaks only English. (General ability) Alnajah Junior High School

13. Could Polite request - طلب مؤدب Could you open the window? Practice time-can/could Alnajah Junior High School

14. May/ Might Possibility– ذكر احتمال • We may come on time, but if you miss the bus, we might be late. • =I plan to come on time and this is why I I want to catch the 7:15 bus. • If I catch the 7:30 bus, I can come on time or not, I’m not sure. • If you advertise on the Internet you might get a lot of spam to your e-mail box. • =Although you don’t want to get spam, there’s a risk that you will get it. Alnajah Junior High School

15. May/ Might Get Permission – طلب الإذن • May I come to visit you at 5 o’clock? =I want to come to you but I’m not sure that you want me to come/that you will be at home/that you will let me enter . • You may take only one candy. =Although there are more candies, I permit you to take only one of them! Alnajah Junior High School

16. Should/ shouldn’t * advice – طلب النصيحة • If you want to be a champion you shouldpractice every day. • =You don’t have to practice but then, you will not get better. Alnajah Junior High School

17. must / mustn’t Must –very strong advice/ obligation ذكر الواجب أو اللزوم • She is sick. She has high fever. She must take a pill. = very strong advice/ obligation Alnajah Junior High School

18. must / mustn’t Mustn't – things you're not allowed to do.ممنوع • You mustn’t ride your bike without a helmet! = you're not allowed to do.(ممنوع) Alnajah Junior High School

19. Semi modals Alnajah Junior High School

20. have to - has to had to – will have to = it is necessary =shows obligation and giving advice. ذكر الواجب أو اللزوم have to/has to –in the present/near future had to –in the past will have to –in the future Alnajah Junior High School

21. I have to clean my room. (My mother forces me to do it.) • She has to finish the test before the bell rings. (After the bell rings, you can’t go on answering the questions.) • He had to take radiation therapy for his disease. (…to get well.) • At the end of the 9th grade we will have to leave our school. (…and go to high school.) Alnajah Junior High School

22. don’t have to doesn’t have to Don't have to / Doesn't have to = it isn't necessary You don’t have to do this work. Practice time-have/has to Alnajah Junior High School

23. (be) able to Present: am/ is/ are Past: was/ were Future: will be able to Alnajah Junior High School

24. (be) able to ‘be able to’ shows an ability. ذكر الإمكانية أو القدرة بصيغة الحاضر, الماضي أو المستقبل -I don’t know when I will be ready. I will be able to give you an answer later. -Is he able to do it? Yes, he knows how to do it and has time to do it. (=Can he do it?) Alnajah Junior High School

25. negative contractions (short form) http://www.english-zone.com/spelling/cont-02.html Alnajah Junior High School

26. Practice time • Exercise on modal verbs and their substitutes • Exercise - modal verb or substitute • Exercise on 'must not' and 'need not' (for soccer fans) • http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-476.php • http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-443.php • http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs/exercises Alnajah Junior High School