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Modals

Modals. Degrees of Certainty. How certain is it? (present t ime). Ali has been studying in IEP for 1 and a half years. I’m sure that Ali speaks English well now. Ali must speak English well now. Ali may/might/could speak English well now. more certain. 100%. 95%. 50%. Azar p. 180.

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Modals

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  1. Modals Degrees of Certainty

  2. How certain is it? (present time) • Ali has been studying in IEP for 1 and a half years. • I’m sure that Ali speaks English well now. • Ali must speak English well now. • Ali may/might/could speak English well now. more certain 100% 95% 50% Azar p. 180 less certain

  3. How sure that it’s not… (present time negative) • Sally just ate 4 slices of pizza, so now,… • she isn’t hungry anymore. • she couldn’t/can’t be hungry anymore. • she must not be hungry anymore. • she may not/might not be hungry anymore. more certain 100% 99% 95% 50% less certain Azar p. 183

  4. What happened?(past time) • I just got home, and my front door is open. • My husband opened the door for me. • My husband must have opened the door for me. • My husband may have/might have/could have opened the door for me. more certain 100% 95% 50% less certain Azar p. 186

  5. What didn’t happen?(past time negative) • She didn’t turn in her homework today. • She didn’t know we had homework. • She couldn’t have/can’t have known we had homework. • She must not have known we had homework. • She may not have/might not have known we had homework. more certain 100% 99% 95% 50% less certain Azar p. 186

  6. Are you sure that will happen?(future time) • My brother has been running for 2-3 hours almost everyday. • He will win the race next month. • He should/ought to win the race next month. • He may/might/could win the race next month. more certain 100% 95% 50% less certain Azar p. 189

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