1 / 24

Review: Exam II

Review: Exam II. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology PED 205. Exam Format:. Chapters : 12-13 Multiple Choice: 30 Identification: Intrinsic Conduction System, Blood flow through heart, Blood Vessel Cross Section Short Answer: 5 Select One Essay Question. Cardiac Anatomy:.

avedis
Download Presentation

Review: Exam II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Review: Exam II Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology PED 205

  2. Exam Format: • Chapters: 12-13 • Multiple Choice: 30 • Identification: • Intrinsic Conduction System, Blood flow through heart, Blood Vessel Cross Section • Short Answer: 5 • Select One Essay Question

  3. Cardiac Anatomy: • Pericardium: Visceral / Parietal • Epicardium: Also visceral pericardium • Myocardium: Cardiac muscle layer • Endocardium: Connective Tissue Heart Valves + Epithelium

  4. Chambers and Valves: • R. Atrium Tricuspid Valve • R. Ventricle Pulmonary Valve • Pulmonary Artery Lungs • Pulmonary Vein L. Atrium • L. Atrium Mitral (Bicuspid) V. • L. Ventricle Aortic Valve • Aorta

  5. Coronary Arteries: • Left Coronary Artery: • Origin: Left side of AORTA • Supplies: Anterior/Left Heart • Right Coronary Artery: • Origin: Rt. Side of AORTA • Supplies: Right Heart

  6. Coronary Artery Disease: CAD • Narrowed Coronary arteries • Thrombus: Clot forms • Myocardial Infarction • Angina Pectoris • Coronary Bypass CAB), angioplasty, stents are treatments for CAD

  7. Intrinsic Conduction System: • SA Node: 90-100 bpm • AV Node: Slows the message down • AV Bundles: (also His): • L./R. Bundle Branches: • Purkinje Fibers:

  8. Cardiac Muscle Cells: • Striated, Branched, Intercalated Discs • Slower Action Potential than nerve or skeletal muscle cells • Voltage Gated Ca++ Channels!

  9. Electrocardiogram: ECG P: Atrial Depolarization/contraction QRS: Ventricular Depol/Contraction T: Ventricular Repolarization

  10. Cardiac Cycle: • Ventricular Diastole: • Ventricles relax, fill • Pulmonary/Aortic Valves close • Second Heart Sound: “Dupp” • Ventricular Systole: • Ventricles Contract – eject blood • Tri/Bicuspid valves close • First Heart Sound: “Lubb”

  11. Cardiac Output: HR X SV • CO = HR X SV • “Emergencies” • SNS Autonomic NS • Increase HR/SV = Increase CO • “Relaxing”: • PSNS Autonomic NS • Decrease HR = Decrease CO

  12. Baroreceptors: Pressure Emergencies • Increase CO = Increase Systolic BP • Emergency 1: Decreased Press • Increase SNS: Increased HR X SV = Increased CO • Problem 2: Increased Press • Decrease SNS: Decrease HR = Decreased CO

  13. Chemoreceptors: Metabolism Emergencies • Emergency 1: Increased Metabolic Rate: • Increased CO2, H+ (decreased pH) • Increased SNS …CO • Problem 2: Decreased Metabolic Rate: What’s the Problem? • Decreased CO2/ H+ (increased pH) • Decreased SNS …CO

  14. Intrinsic Regulation of the Heart: Starling’s Law • Increased Venous Return • Increased cardiac muscle stretch • Increase contraction force • Increased SV = Increased CO • Occurs without SNS/PSNS involvement • Exercise….

  15. Blood Vessels And Circulation

  16. Arteries and Veins • Elastic, Muscular and Arterioles • Capillaries: Exchange/Diffusion/ Osmosis • Venules, Veins

  17. Three Tunics: • Tunica Adventitia (Externa): Fibrous connective tissue • Tunica Media: Smooth Muscle and elastic connective tissue • Tunica Intima: Endothelium (forms the valves in veins

  18. Arterial Blood Pressure • Cardiac Output: Systolic blood pressure • Vascular Resistance: Diastolic Pressure • Vessel Diameter • Blood Viscosity • Vessel Length

  19. Pressure and Resistance • Increased Resistance = Increased Pressure • Increased Resistance = Increased Work of the Heart • Measurement: 120/80 mm Hg

  20. Vasoconstriction: • Decreases Vessel Diameter • Increases Resistance • Increases Diastolic BP • Increases Work of Heart • Increases SBP later • SNS, Cold, Hemorrhage etc cause vasoconstriction to “rescue” vital organs

  21. Vasodilation: • Increases Vessel Diameter • Decreases Resistance • Decreases Diastolic Pressure • PSNS, Heat, Local Exercise Demand cause vasodilation to perfuse skin, muscles for special situations

  22. Arteriosclerosis • Limits Vasodilation • Increases Resistance • Increases Pressure • Risk Factors: • Obesity, Cholesterol, Inactivity, Smoking, Aging, Heredity

  23. Systolic and Diastolic BP: • Systolic: Ventricular Systole • Greatest Arterial Pressure • Reflects CO and heart’s contribution to BP • Diastolic: Ventricular Diastole • Lowest Arterial Pressure • Reflects the resistance of the vessels to CO

  24. Essay Choices: • Exercise and the Heart/Vessels • Chronic Hypoxic Vasoconstriction of the Pulmonary Arteries • The effect of Nitroglycerin on peripheral resistance, work of the heart, BP

More Related