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Latin II EXAM REVIEW

Stage 13 British Tribal System. British Tribal system, invasions of Caesar and Claudius, Romanization, and the career of SalviusThe farm manager describes how Salvius has been injured while inspecting a mine. Salvius arrives home and vents his anger on his slaves.Present active infinitive, presen

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Latin II EXAM REVIEW

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    1. Latin II EXAM REVIEW Stages 13-22

    2. Stage 13 British Tribal System British Tribal system, invasions of Caesar and Claudius, Romanization, and the career of Salvius The farm manager describes how Salvius has been injured while inspecting a mine. Salvius arrives home and vents his anger on his slaves. Present active infinitive, present tense of volo, nolo, and possum

    3. Stage 13 Grammar Present active infinitive, present tense of volo, nolo, and possum Verbs have 4 principal parts. The 2nd part is the INFINITIVE. Example: Porto portare portavi portavus – carry Portare = to carry (drop –re for stem)

    4. Stage 13 Grammar What are the principal parts of VOLO, NOLO, and POSSUM? Volo velle volui – to want Nolo nolle nolui – to not want Possum posse potui – to be able

    5. Infinitives and principal parts Translate and give principal parts for the following verbs: Ducere: duco ducere duxi - to lead Dormire: Postulare: Habere: Facere:

    6. Principal Parts Dormire: dormio dormire dormivi – to sleep Postulare: postulo postulare postulavi – to demand Habere: habeo habere habui – to have Facere: facio facere feci – to do, to make

    7. Stage 13 Grammar Present active infinitive, present tense of volo, nolo, and possum Page 321, green book: Volo = I want volumus = we want Vis = you want vultis = you want Vult = he wants volunt = they want

    8. Stage 13 Grammar Page 321, green book: Possum – I am able; I can Potes – you are able; you can Potest – he is able; he can Possumus = we are able; we can Potestis = you are able; you can Possunt = they are able; they can

    9. Page 13 Grammar Page 321, green book Sum – I am sumus – we are Es – you are estis – you are Est – he is sunt – they are

    10. Stage 13 Grammar Page 322, green book Nolo – I do not want Non vis – you do not want Non vult – he does not want Nolumus – we do not want Non vultis – you do not want Nolunt – they do not want

    11. Translate: Loquax cantat. Loquax cantare vult. Servi dominum vident. Servi dominum videre nolunt. Note: all have a COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE – the infinitive COMPLETES the meaning of the sentence.

    12. Answers: Loquax cantat. LOQUAX SINGS. Loquax cantare vult. LOQUAX WANTS TO SING. Servi dominum vident. SLAVES SEE THE MASTER. Servi dominum videre nolunt. SLAVES DO NOT WANT TO SEE THE MASTER.

    13. Stage 14 Life in Roman Britain: houses, mining, farming, slavery Salvius and Rufilla quarrel over their country estate. The maid gets the cook to do her housework. Rufilla uses Salvius’ best furnishings to decorate a room for her relative, Quintus. Invited to visit King Cog, Salvius searches in vain for a figt as splendid as Quintus.

    14. Stage 14 Agreement of adjectives and nouns in case, number, and gender; ablative singular and plural; prepositions; imperfect tense of the irregular verb possum

    15. Adjective Agreement Agreement of adjectives and nouns in case, number, and gender p.299, green book 1st and 2nd declension endings are at the top of the page 3rd declension endings are at the bottom of the page

    16. Noun Endings 1st: a, ae, ae, am, long a ae, arum, is, as, is 2nd: us, i, o, um, o MASCULINE i, orum, is, os, is ENDINGS 2nd: um, i, o, um, o NEUTER a, orum, is, a, is ENDINGS

    17. NOUN Endings 3rd Declension Endings: --, is, i, em, e MASCULINE AND es, um, ibus, es, ibus FEMININE --, is, i, ---, i/e NEUTER a, um, ibus, a, ibus ENDINGS

    18. Noun-Adjective Agreement Translate and state the case, number, and gender for each: servus iratus (nominative – singular – masculine) servo fesso ancillam perterritam mercatorem fortem leones feroces servum fortem fabulam mirabilem senex stultus amico fideli

    19. Answers Translate and state the case, number, and gender for each: servus iratus (nominative – singular – masculine) servo fesso - dative & ablative singular masculine ancillam perterritam – accusative singular feminine mercatorem fortem – accusative singular masculine leones feroces – nominative & accusative plural masculine servum fortem – accusative singular masculine fabulam mirabilem – accusative singular masculine senex stultus – nominative singular masculine amico fideli – dative & ablative singular masculine

    20. Stage 14 - Prepositions Translate: (Which take accusative objects? Ablative objects?) A) e villa f) ad villam B) in tablino g) prope urbem C) ab urbe h) per ordines D) sine amicis i) in tablinum E) de mercatoribus j) prope eam

    21. Prepositions e villa f) ad villam in tablino g) prope urbem ab urbe h) per ordines sine amicis i) in tablinum de mercatoribus j) prope eam From the house toward the house In the study near the city Away from the city through the rows Without friends into the study About the merchants near her

    22. Possum – Imperfect Tense Poteram – I was able Poteras – you were able Poterat – he was able Poteramus – we were able Poteratis – you were able Poterant – they were able

    23. Sum esse fui – imperfect tense Eram – I was Eras – you were Erat – he was Eramus – we were Eratis – you were Erant – they were

    24. Stage 15 The reaction of various Celtic chiefs to the arrival of the Romans: Boudica, Cartimandua, Cogidubnus Salvius and Varica clash over how to handle the congested traffic on the way to the palace. Cog holds a ceremony and games to honor Claudius. The Cantiaci win all events but the boat race. Relative clauses; agreement of adjective by gender

    25. Stage 15 Grammar Relative clauses; agreement of adjective by gender Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter

    26. Relative Clauses – Stage 15 The girl who is eating the pizza will not share it with her teacher. Main clause: The girl will not share it with her teacher. Relative Clause that RELATES more information about the girl = who is eating the pizza

    27. Stage 15, Relative Clauses Locate the relative clause and translate each sentence: senex, qui sceptrum tenebat, erat rex Cogidubnus. Femina, quae coronam gerebat, erat regina. Donum, quod regem maxime delectavit, erat equus. Vinum, quod ancillae ferebant, erat in mensa. Canis, quem Bregans ducebat, ferocissimus erat.

    28. Answers senex, qui sceptrum tenebat, erat rex Cogidubnus. Femina, quae coronam gerebat, erat regina. Donum, quod regem maxime delectavit, erat equus. Vinum, quod ancillae ferebant, erat in mensa. Canis, quem Bregans ducebat, ferocissimus erat.

    29. Stage 15 - GENDER What is the gender of each word listed? Animus, turba, plaustrum, multos principes, multas feminas, fabros callidos, ancilla ignava

    30. Answers Animus MASC., turba FEMININE, plaustrum NEUTER, multos principes MASCULINE, multas feminas FEMININE, fabros callidos MASCULINE, ancilla ignava FEMININE

    31. Additional Stage 15 Review: Translate each: spectaculum videre nolumus. Necesse est nobis fugere. Pecuniam reddere debes. Canis, quem Bregans tenebat, erat donum. Lectus, in quo Quintus recumbit, est in triblinio.

    32. Translations spectaculum videre nolumus. We do not want to see the show. Necesse est nobis fugere. It is necessary for us to flee. Pecuniam reddere debes. You ought to return the money. Canis, quem Bregans tenebat, erat donum. The dog, which Bregans was holding, was a gift. Lectus, in quo Quintus recumbit, est in triclinio. The bed, on which Quintus is reclining, is in the dining room.

    33. Stage 16 The palace at Fishbourne: layout, décor, gardens The plot which Belimicus hatches to avenge his defeat misfires. Quintus rescues the king from its effects. He tells Cog about his travels since leaving Pompeii. Pluperfect tense; questions with sum, -ne, and none

    34. Stage 16 Pluperfect Tense = add “era” to the perfect stem How do you find the perfect stem? It is the 3rd principal part of verbs. Example: porto portare portavi – carry Portav + era + ending Portaveram = I had carried

    35. Stage 16 Pluperfect Tense Translate each verb: portaveram, portaveras, portaverat; docuerat; traxerat; audiverat I had carried; you had carried; he had carried He had taught; he had dragged; he had heard

    36. Stage 16 Questions -ne attached to the first word in a sentence means that the answer could be YES or it could be NO – we don’t know the answer NUM – expects a NO answer NONNE = expects a YES answer

    37. Questions, Stage 16 Translate each question: num tu servus es? Num tu sellam extraxisti? Paterne et mater superfuerunt? Nonne hospitibus spectaculum dare vis? Num Bregans laborat? Nonne rex tibi illum canem dedit?

    38. Translations num tu servus es? YOU ARE NOT A SLAVE, ARE YOU? Num tu sellam extraxisti? YOU DID NOT DRAG THE CHAIR, DID YOU? Paterne et mater superfuerunt? DID YOUR FATHER AND MOTHER SURVIVE? Nonne hospitibus spectaculum dare vis? YOU WANT TO GIVE A SHOW TO THE GUESTS, DON’T YOU? Num Bregans laborat? BREGANS IS NOT WORKING, IS HE? Nonne rex tibi illum canem dedit? THE KING GAVE THAT DOG TO YOU, DIDN’T HE?

    39. Stage 16 – Additional Review Translate: donum, quod regi dederam, pretiosum erat. Tu, qui ursam, tractaveras, non timebas. Rex, qui multos hospites inviteraverat, eis cenam optimam dedit.

    40. Translations donum, quod regi dederam, pretiosum erat. THE GIFT, WHICH I HAD GIVEN TO THE KING, WAS EXPENSIVE. Tu, qui ursam tractaveras, non timebas. YOU, WHO HAD DRAGGED THE BEAR, WERE NOT AFRAID. Rex, qui multos hospites inviteraverat, eis cenam optimam dedit. THE KING, WHO HAD INVITED MANY GUESTS, GAVE THE BEST DINNER TO THEM.

    41. Stage 17 Alexandria: the magnificence of the city, its history and culture, its strategic economic position, its importance to the daily life of Rome itself, its ferment of nationalities and wealth of opportunities Quintus describes what happened during his stay with Barbillus in Alexandria. He survives a riot and an (accompanied) visit to the Temple of Serapis. Barbillus explains the origin of some of his jewelry. Genitive singular and plural

    42. Stage 17 - Genitive Genitive case shows possession, ownership Translate each and locate the genitive: ad portum Alexandriae mox pervenimus. In villa Barbilli errant multi servi. Milites Romani per vias urbis incedebant. Agmen militum per urbem incedit. Quintus per multitudinem servorum contendit. Nulli Graeci in illa parte urbis habitabant.

    43. Stage 17 – Genitive Case ad portum Alexandriae mox pervenimus. In villa Barbilli erant multi servi. Milites Romani per vias urbis incedebant. Agmen militum per urbem incedit. Quintus per multitudinem servorum contendit. Nulli Graeci in illa parte urbis habitabant. We soon arrived at the harbor of Alexandria. Many slaves were in the house of Barbillus. Roman soldiers were marching through the streets of the city. The row of soldiers is advancing through the city. Quintus hurried thru the crowd of slaves. No Greeks lived in that part of the city.

    44. Stage 17 – Additional Review Translate each verb listed: tollebat, perveniebat, poterat, resistebat, effugerat, ponebat, erat, fuerat, potuerat, posuerat, sustulerat (some are imperfect; others are pluperfect)

    45. Translations Tollebat – he was lifting up, Perveniebat – he was arriving, Poterat – he was able, Resistebat – he was resisting, Effugerat – he had fled, Ponebat – he was putting, Erat – he was, fuerat – he had been, Potuerat – he had been able, Posuerat – he had put, sustulerat – he had raised up

    46. Stage 17 Additional Review Choosing from volo vis vult volumus vultis volunt and possum potes potest possumus potestis possunt, complete the following sentences: mane ad portum ambulare soleo, quod naves spectare ________. Mihi valde placet puellam audire, quae suaviter cantare ______. Barbille! Nonne de monumentis audire _____________? Iter longum iam fecistis; ad villam hodie pervenire non _______. Pauci sumus. Aegyptios superare non __________.

    47. Answers mane ad portum ambulare soleo, quod naves spectare _VOLO___. Mihi valde placet puellam audire, quae suaviter cantare _POTEST___. Barbille! Nonne de monumentis audire __VIS___? Iter longum iam fecistis; ad villam hodie pervenire non _POTESTIS__. Pauci sumus. Aegyptios superare non __POSSUMUS__.

    48. Answers I am accustomed to walk near the harbor in the morning, because I WANT to see the ships. (volo) It pleases me greatly to hear the girl who IS ABLE to sing sweetly. (potest) Barbillus! You DO WANT to hear about the monuments, don’t you? (vis)

    49. Answers Since you made a long journey, YOU WERE NOT ABLE to arrive today at the house. (potestis) We are few. WE ARE NOT ABLE to overcome the Egyptians. (posumus)

    50. Stage 18 Glassmaking, Roman bureaucracy and the exploitation of the land and its people, Roman customs influenced by Egyptian ones Clemens, new owner of a glass shop previously wrecked by thugs, refuses to pay protection money. His shop is attacked, but he is saved by the sacred cat of Isis, whose worship he has espoused.

    51. Stage 18 Grammar Neuter nouns, singular and plural 4th and 5th declension nouns See pages 296-297 in green textbook.

    52. Neuter, 3rd Declension Singular: ---, is, i, ---, e Plural: a/ia, um, ibus, a/ia, ibus

    53. 4th & 5th Declension Singular: us us ui um u Plural: us uum ibus us ibus Singular: es ei ei em e Plural: es erum ebus es ebus

    54. Stage 18 - Nouns Translate each sentence: Identify the Declension of each noun. plaustrum viam claudebat. Plaustra viam claudebant. Varica plaustrum emovit. Varica plaustra emovit. Salvius horrea nova inspexit. Principes dona ad aulam tulerunt. Animalis hospites terruerunt.

    55. Answers plaustrum (2) viam (1) claudebat. Plaustra (2) viam (1) claudebant. Varica plaustrum (2) emovit. Varica plaustra (2) emovit. Salvius (2) horrea (2) nova inspexit. Principes (3) dona (2) ad aulam (1) tulerunt. Animalis (3) hospites (3) terruerunt.

    56. Answers A cart was blocking the road. Carts were blocking the road. Varica removed the cart. Varica removed the carts. Salvius inspected the new barns. The chiefs brought gifts to the palace. The animal frightened the guests.

    57. Stage 18 – Nouns (4th, 5th) Locate any 4th and 5th Declension Nouns; translate: in portu Alexandriae errant multae naves. Servi fustes in manibus tenebant. Pueri nomina dierum recitant. Tabernarii Clementi de impetibus narrabant.

    58. Answers in portu Alexandriae erant multae naves. Servi fustes in manibus tenebant. Pueri nomina dierum recitant. Tabernarii Clementi de impetibus narrabant. In Alexandria’s harbor were many ships. Slaves held clubs in their hands. Boys recite the names of the days. The shop-owners told Clemens about the attacks.

    59. Stage 18 Additional Review Choose the correct form of adjective to complete each sentence and then translate: (multi, multae) tabernarii Eutycho pecuniam dederunt. Quintus templa (magnificos, magnifica) prope portum visitavit. Quo operae senem (obstinatum, obstinatam) traxerunt? Clemens sacerdotes (doctos, docti) cognovit. Servus e villa domini (crudelem crudelis) fugit.

    60. Answers (multi, multae) tabernarii Eutycho pecuniam dederunt. Quintus templa (magnificos, magnifica) prope portum visitavit. Quo operae senem (obstinatum, obstinatam) traxerunt? Clemens sacerdotes (doctos, docti) cognovit. Servus e villa domini (crudelem crudelis) fugit.

    61. Translation of answers Many shopkeepers gave money to Eutychus. Quintus visited magnificent temples near the harbor. Where did the thugs drag the stubborn old man? Clemens recognized the learned priests. A slave fled from the house of the cruel master.

    62. Stage 19 The importance of Isis in Egyptian religion, her worship, her wider appeal in the Roman world. Quintus is taken to the spring festival of Isis by Aristo and his dysfunctional family. Barbillus is wounded on a crocodile hunt.

    63. Stage 19 Grammar Hic and ille – demonstrative pronouns Imperatives, including negative Vocative singular and plural

    64. Stage 19 Translate each: haec cena est optima. Latrones illum mercatorem vituperant. Haec templa laudabamusl illa aedificia videre not poteramus. Hi servi sunt Aegyptii. Ille poeta Aristonem vexat. Planus illud monumentum demonstravit.

    65. Answers/Translations haec cena est optima. Latrones illum mercatorem vituperant. Haec templa laudabamusl illa aedificia videre not poteramus. Hi servi sunt Aegyptii. Ille poeta Aristonem vexat. Planus illud monumentum demonstravit. This dinner is excellent. Robbers cursed that merchant. We praised their temples. We were not able to see those temples. These slaves are Egyptian. That poet annoys Aristo. Planus pointed out that monument.

    66. Stage 19 Imperatives The singular imperative is found by dropping –re from the infinitive form; to form the plural imperative, add –te to the base of the verb. Translate each and identify each as a singular or plural imperative.

    67. Stage 19 Imperatives iuvenes! Tacete! Diligenter labora! Date mihi pecuniam! Me adiuva! Noli dormire! Nolite discedere! Nolite Romanos interficere! Noli me punire!

    68. Answers iuvenes! Tacete! YOUNG MEN, BE QUIET. Diligenter labora! WORK DILIGENTLY. Date mihi pecuniam! GIVE ME MONEY. Me adiuva! HELP ME. Noli dormire! DON’T SLEEP. Nolite discedere! DON’T LEAVE. Nolite Romanos interficere! DON’T KILL ROMANS. Noli me punire! DON’T PUNISH ME.

    69. Stage 19 Vocative with Imperatives Vocative Case: It is just like the nominative singular, unless the word ends in –us and then you take off the –us and add –e. Plural is formed just like the nominative plural. NOTE: if the nominative singular ends in –ius, the vocative ends in –i. Translate each.

    70. Vocative cur laboras, serve? Da mihi gladium, amice! Cur curris, fili? Quid accidit, Salvi? Ubi est theatrum, pueri? Nolite currere, puellae!

    71. Answers cur laboras, serve? WHY ARE YOU WORKING, SLAVE? Da mihi gladium, amice! GIVE ME YOUR SWORD, FRIEND. Cur curris, fili? WHY ARE YOU RUNNING, SON? Quid accidit, Salvi? WHAT HAPPENED, SALVIUS? Ubi est theatrum, pueri? WHERE IS THE THEATER, BOYS? Nolite currere, puellae! DON’T RUN, GIRLS.

    72. Stage 19 – Additional Review Choose the correct form in parentheses and translate each sentence: (hic, hoc) astrologus Barbillo de periculo persuadere non potuit. Hic, hoc) flumen est periculosum. (hi, hae) servi prope flumen stabant. (illi, illae) crocodile haedos petiverunt. Quinte! Mecum ad venationem (veni, venite)! Servi! Ad flumen Nilum (procede, procedite)! Domine! (noli, nolite) e villa discedere! Quinte! Vulneratus sum. Me (serva, servate)!

    73. Answers (hic, hoc) astrologus Barbillo de periculo persuadere non potuit. Hic, hoc) flumen est periculosum. (hi, hae) servi prope flumen stabant. (illi, illae) crocodili haedos petiverunt. Quinte! Mecum ad venationem (veni, venite)! Servi! Ad flumen Nilum (procede, procedite)! Domine! (noli, nolite) e villa discedere! Quinte! Vulneratus sum. Me (serva, servate)!

    74. Stage 20 Science and pseudo-science: medicine, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, engineering. Doctor and astrologer clash over Barbillus’ treatment. Barbillus tells Quintus of his son, Rufus, and, on his deathbed, asks Quintus to search for Rufus in Britain. Present active participle Is, ea, id – personal and demonstrative pronouns

    75. Stage 20 Present Active Participles are formed by adding –nt to the present stem of verbs, except for the nominative singular (which is –ns). Locate each participle and translate each sentence:

    76. Participles medicus, per forum ambulans, magistram conspexit. Clemens magistram in media via stantem invenit. Puer ancillas in cubiculo lacrimantes audivit. Pueri, per urbem currentes, Petronem conspexerunt.

    77. Answers medicus, per forum ambulans, magistram conspexit. PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE Clemens magistram in media via stantem invenit. PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE Puer ancillas in cubiculo lacrimantes audivit. PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE Pueri, per urbem currentes, Petronem conspexerunt. PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

    78. Translations The doctor, walking thru the forum, caught sight of the teacher. Clemens found the teacher standing in the middle of the street. The boy heard the slave-girls crying in the bedroom. The boys, running thru the streets, caught sight of Petro.

    79. Stage 20 Pronouns Translate each sentence. Identify the person/thing that each pronoun refers to. Magistra in cubiculo iacebat. Quintus ei vinum dedit. Galatea maritum vituperabat. Tota turba eam audivit. Ubi Phormio advenit, Petro eum ad cubiculum duxit. Carmina spectators delectabant. Omnes ea magno cum gaudio audiebant. Locum optimum novimus unde pompam spectare possumus. Servus eum servat.

    80. Answers Magistra in cubiculo iacebat. Quintus ei vinum dedit. MAGISTRA EI Galatea maritum vituperabat. Tota turba eam audivit. GALATEA EAM Ubi Phormio advenit, Petro eum ad cubiculum duxit. PHORMIO EUM Carmina spectators delectabant. Omnes ea magno cum gaudio audiebant. CARMINA EA Locum optimum novimus unde pompam spectare possumus. Servus eum servat. LOCUM EUM

    81. Translations The teacher was lying in the bedroom. Quintus gave wine to her. Galatea cursed her husband. The whole crowd heard her. When Phormio arrived, Petro led him to the bedroom. Spectators chose songs. All heard them with much joy. We knew the best place from where we could see the parade. A slave saved it.

    82. Stage 20 Additional Review Complete each sentence with the correct form of the participle. Translate. Barbillus, de vita (desperans, desperantes), Quintum arcessivit. Quintus, libertum in taberna (laborans, laborantem) invenit. Clemens tabernarios a latronibus (fugiens, fugientes) vidit. Aristo iuvenes versum scurrilem (recitans, recitantem, recitantes) audivit.

    83. Participles Barbillus, de vita (desperans, desperantes), Quintum arcessivit. Quintus, libertum in taberna (laborans, laborantem) invenit. Clemens tabernarios a latronibus (fugiens, fugientes) vidit. Aristo iuvenes versum scurrilem (recitans, recitantem, recitantes) audivit.

    84. Participles Barbillus, de vita (desperans, desperantes), Quintum arcessivit. Quintus, libertum in taberna (laborans, laborantem) invenit. Clemens tabernarios a latronibus (fugiens, fugientes) vidit. Aristo iuvenes versum scurrilem (recitans, recitantem, recitantes) audivit.

    85. Translations Barbillus, despairing for his life, summoned Quintus. Quintus found the freedman working in the tavern. Clemens saw the shopkeepers fleeing from the robbers. Aristo heard the young men reciting dirty verses.

    86. Stage 21 – Aquae Sulis Cultural Background: Romano-British twon of Aquae Sulis, its baths and temple complex. STAGE 21 – Perfect Passive Participle; Ablative of Agent (the doer of the action) with a passive verb (Past Perfect Participles are the 4th principal part of verbs).

    87. Stage 21 Story Line: Spring, A.D. 83. Fishbourne. Cogidubnus wonders whether to go to Aquae Sulis for a health cure. Salvius advises him to make his will. In Aquae Sulie Salvius orders Momor to kill Cogidubnus. In turn Memor orders Cephalus to kill the king.

    88. Main Language Features STAGE 21 – Perfect Passive Participle; Ablative of Agent (the doer of the action) with a passive verb) (Past Perfect Participles are the 4th principal part of verbs).

    89. Translate the following: servi per villam contenderunt, araneas (spiders’ webs) quaerentes. Puella matrem in horto sedentem vidit. Memor, a liberto excitatus, iratissimus erat. Thermae, a Romanis aedificatae, maximae errant. Faber, ab architecto laudatus, risit. Fabri, ab architecto laudati, riserunt. Architectus, a Romanis missus, thermas exstruxit. Servi, a domino arcessiti, statim ad tablinum festinaverunt

    90. Help with Participles: servi per villam contenderunt, araneas (spiders’ webs) quaerentes. Puella matrem in horto sedentem vidit. Memor, a liberto excitatus, iratissimus erat. Thermae, a Romanis aedificatae, maximae errant. Faber, ab architecto laudatus, risit. Fabri, ab architecto laudati, riserunt. Architectus, a Romanis missus, thermas exstruxit. Servi, a domino arcessiti, statim ad tablinum festinaverunt

    91. Check your translations: servi per villam contenderunt, araneas (spiders’ webs) quaerentes. SLAVES HURRIED THRU THE HOUSE, SEEKING SPIDERS’ WEBS. Puella matrem in horto sedentem vidit. THE GIRL SAW HER MOTHER SITTING IN THE GARDEN. Memor, a liberto excitatus, iratissimus erat. MEMOR, AWAKENED BY THE FREEDMAN, WAS VERY ANGRY. Thermae, a Romanis aedificatae, maximae erant. THE BATHS, BUILT BY THE ROMANS, WERE VERY LARGE.

    92. Identify the DO-ER of the action Identify the doer of the action in each: (Ablative of Agent) servus, a domino verberatus, ex oppido fugit. Nuntii, a rege arcessiti, rem terribilem narraverunt. Milites, ab hostibus vulnerati, thermas visitare voluerunt.

    93. Answers servus, a domino verberatus, ex oppido fugit. THE SLAVE, CURSED BY THE MASTER, FLED FROM TOWN. Nuntii, a rege arcessiti, rem terribilem narraverunt. THE MESSENGERS, SUMMONED BY THE KING, TOLD THE TERRIBLE STORY. Milites, ab hostibus vulnerati, thermas visitare voluerunt. SOLDIERS, WOUNDED BY THE ENEMY, WANTED TO VISIT THE BATHS.

    94. Adjectives; Adverbs Translate each, identifying the adjective OR adverb as positive, comparative, or superlative. Memor was a durissimus master. (durus = harsh) The merchant always treated his customers probe. (probus = honest) The senator liberalissime promised a large donation. (liberalis = generous) A cautus man proceeds lente. (cautus = cautious; lentus = slow)

    95. Answers Memor was a durissimus master. (durus = harsh) SUPERLATIVE, VERY HARSH The merchant always treated his customers probe. (probus = honest) POSITIVE, HONESTLY The senator liberalissime promised a large donation. (liberalis = generous) VERY GENEROUSLY, SUPERLATIVE A cautus man proceeds lente. (cautus = cautious; lentus = slow) CAUTIOUSLY, POSITIVE

    96. Stage 22 Cultural Background: Magic, curses, and superstitions Story Line: Spring, A.D. 83. Vilbia, an innkeeper’s daughter, has become infatuated with Modestus, a Roman soldier from the Second Legion on leave in Aquae Sulis, and has rejected her previous boyfriend, Bulbus. ->

    97. Stage 22 Story line, continued Strythio, Modestus’ friend, acts as go-between. Bulbus convinces his frined, Gutta, to impersonate Vilbia and distract Modestus. Then Bulbus shoves Modestus into the sacred spring from where Modestus begs for mercy and rejects Vilbia. After hearing this, Vilbia is reunited with Bulbus.

    98. Stage 22 Main Language Features: Perfect active (deponent) participle Fur, thermas ingressus, ad fontem sacrum festinavit. The thief, having entered the baths, hurried to the sacred fountain. Partitive genitive/genitive of quantity Plus vini = too much (of) wine Genitive of description Latro erat vir magnae diligentiae – Latro was a man of great diligence.

    99. Practice at Participles Translate each example of perfect active participles Modestus, tabernam ingressus, Vilbiam conspexit. Vilbia, multa verba locuta, tandem tacuit. Mercatores, pecuniam adepti, ad naves contenderunt. Femina, deam Sulem precata, amuletum in fontem iniecit.

    100. Translations Modestus, tabernam ingressus, Vilbiam conspexit. MODESTUS, HAVING ENTERED THE TAVERN, SAW VILBIA. Vilbia, multa verba locuta, tandem tacuit. VILBIA, HAVING SPOKEN MANY WORDS, FINALLY WAS SILENT. Mercatores, pecuniam adepti, ad naves contenderunt. THE MERCHANTS, HAVING ACCEPTED THE MONEY, HURRIED TO THE SHIPS. Femina, deam Sulem precata, amuletum in fontem iniecit. THE WOMAN, HAVING PRAYED TO THE GODDESS SULIS, THREW THE AMULET INTO THE FOUNTAIN.

    101. Genitive Case Locate the noun in the genitive case. Translate. nimium pecuniae nihil periculi plus laboris multum cibi homo ingenii pravi femina magnae dignitatis

    102. Genitive nimium pecuniae nihil periculi plus laboris multum cibi homo ingenii pravi femina magnae dignitatis

    103. Stage 22 Additional Practice Choose the correct Latin word to translate the word underlined. Quintus was a sensible man (prudens, prudenter). Salvius rode quickly (celer, celeriter) into the courtyard. The soldier was happy (laetus, laete) because the goddess had cured him. Vilbia worked diligently (diligens, diligenter) only when her father was watching. Salvius sometimes acted very cruelly (crudellissimus, crudelissime) to his slaves.

    104. Answers Quintus was a sensible man (prudens, prudenter). Salvius rode quickly (celer, celeriter) into the courtyard. The soldier was happy (laetus, laete) because the goddess had cured him. Vilbia worked diligently (diligens, diligenter) only when her father was watching. Salvius sometimes acted very cruelly (crudellissimus, crudelissime) to his slaves.

    105. Stage 23 Stage 23: haruspex (soothsayer) Roman religion, astrology Spring, A.D.83. Cephalus offers Cog a cup which has poisoned contents. Because Quintus has seen a similar cup in Egypt, he stops the king from drinking. Dumnorix forces Cephalus to drink the cup’s contents. Cephalus dies. A slave of Cephalus delivers a letter to Cog which reveals Memor’s complicity. Cog attempts to dismiss Memor from his position at the baths. Salvius intervenes and puts Cog under house arrest.

    106. Stage 23 Grammar Consolidation of participles: present active, perfect passive, perfect active Comparison of adverbs

    107. Practice with participles Locate the participle. State what kind it is. libertus dominum intrantem vidit. The freedman saw his master entering. Fabria, ab architecto laudati, diligenter laborabant. The craftsmen, having been praised by the architect, were working hard. Vilbia, thermas ingressa, clamorem audivit. Vilbia, having entered the baths, heard a noise.

    108. Answers libertus dominum intrantem vidit. The freedman saw his master entering. PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE Fabria, ab architecto laudati, diligenter laborabant. The craftsmen, having been praised by the architect, were working hard. PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE Vilbia, thermas ingressa, clamorem audivit. Vilbia, having entered the baths, heard a noise. PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

    109. Adverbs Locate the adverb. State what kind it is (positive, comparative, superlative). balneum Pompeianum erat magnum; Quintum magnopere delectavit. The bath at Pompeii was large; it pleased Quintus a lot. Balneum Alexandrinum erat maius; Quintum magis delectavit. The bath at Alexandria was larger; it pleased Quintus more. Balneum Britannicum erat maximum; Quintum maxime delectavit. The bath in Britain was the largest; it pleased Quintus the most.

    110. Adjectives; Adverbs balneum Pompeianum erat magnum; Quintum magnopere delectavit. The bath at Pompeii was large; it pleased Quintus a lot. POSITIVE Balneum Alexandrinum erat maius; Quintum magis delectavit. The bath at Alexandria was larger; it pleased Quintus more. COMPARATIVE Balneum Britannicum erat maximum; Quintum maxime delectavit. The bath in Britain was the largest; it pleased Quintus the most. SUPERLATIVE

    111. Stage 23 Additional Review Translate each: athleta Cantiacus celerius quam ceteri cucurrit. Fures senem facillime superaverunt. Ubi hoc audivi, magis timebam. Milites, quam fortissime pugnate! Medicus te melius quam astrologus sanare potest.

    112. Answers athleta Cantiacus celerius quam ceteri cucurrit. The athlete Cantiacus ran more swiftly than the others. Fures senem facillime superaverunt. The thieves overcame the old man very easily. Ubi hoc audivi, magis timebam. When I heard this, I was more afraid. Milites, quam fortissime pugnate! Soldiers, fight the bravest/as bravely as you can. Medicus te melius quam astrologus sanare potest. The doctor is able to cure you better than the astrologer.

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