Progressive Reforms of The American industrial revolution

1. Progressive Reforms ofThe American industrial revolution

2. During the American Industrial Revolution society faced many significant problems. What were these problems and how do you think they were reformed? Pair-Share

3. Students will be able to understand the major political, economic, and social reforms of the Progressive Era. Objective

4. 11.2.9. Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson). Standard

5. A movement during the Industrial Revolution that aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life. • Goals: • Protecting social welfare • Promoting moral improvement • Creating economic reform • Fostering efficiency Progressive Movement

6. PROGRESSIVISM CivilRights Suffragettes Muckrakers Temperance Labor Unions MidclassWomen Popul ists Goo Goos

7. People wanted to reform the ills of society during the Industrial Revolution. Why it Began

8. Progressives: People who wanted to reform government and society. • Muckrakers:Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century. • Social Gospel:An early reform program that preached salvation through service to the poor. Progressive Groups

9. Progressive Reforms

10. 16th Amendment • Problem • Lower tariff rates did not raise enough $ for government expenditures. • Solution • Created a federal income tax • Allowed the federal government to raise funds. • Continues today.

11. City-manager plan • Problem • Cities needed expert advice (i.e.-technical engineers) • Solution • City council hired a professional manager to run city government.

12. Direct Primaries • What was the problem? • Party bosses controlled the selection of convention delegates & election candidates. • How was it fixed? • A preliminary election was enacted in which voters choose candidates for the general election

13. Initiative • Problem • Big business and party bosses had to much control over state legislatures . • Solution • Allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation, required the legislature to vote on it .

14. Referendum • Problem • Big business and party bosses had too much control over state legislatives . • Solution • Allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval

15. Recall • Problem • Big business and party bosses had too much control over state legislatives • Solution • Allowed voters to remove an elected official from office by holding a special election.

16. 17th Amendment • Problem • Senators were chosen by state legislatures and therefore Senators were shielded from direct public pressure. • Solution • Direct election of Senators • Ended political corruption in the Senate

17. Insurance regulations • Problem • Bribery of elected officials • Solution • Regulated insurance companies + protected interests of policy holders

18. City zoning laws • Problem • Tenements were unsafe • Solution • Laws regulating how land + buildings could be used

19. Pure Food and Drug Act • Problem • Unsanitary conditions • No labels on food • Solution • Protects consumers against unsafe drugs and food. Required labels on food.

20. Meat Inspection Act • Problem • Unsanitary conditions in slaughter houses • Solution • Regulated the content and inspection of food, prohibited the use of addictive drugs.

21. I will be reading an excerpt from the book The Jungle from Upton Sinclair which led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act. • Put your head down and close your eyes. • Try to visualize the events.

22. The Jungle by uptonsinclair • There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been injected, and that was moldy and white—it would be douse with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust., where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms and water from the leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was to dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. …There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage….and cart load after cart load would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat sent out to the public’s breakfast.

23. Workers Compensation • Problem • If workers were hurt on the job they were fired. • Solution • Gave aid to families of workers who were hurt or killed on the job. • Continues today.

24. Child labor laws • Problem • Child labor • Soluton • Child labor laws were created. • Children’s Bureau • investigated and reported "upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children.”

25. Compulsory Education Laws • Problem • Children were working rather than going to school • Solution • laws requiring children to attend school • number of high schools doubled between 1900 and 1920

26. 18th Amendment • Problem • Alcohol was corrupting society • Solution • 18th Prohibited alcohol. Repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933

27. Consumer Protection Laws • Problem • Consumers did not know what they were purchasing – no return policies • Solution • Labels required on all food. • Return policies became mandatory.

28. Regulation of the Railroad • Problem The RR industry was corrupt (rebates, bribes, etc.) • Solution • Increased competition between RR’s • Lowered prices • Increased value • Decreased bribery • Interstate Commerce Act • RR’s could not fix prices • Set RR rates • Elkins Act • RR could not give rebates • Hepburn Act • Limited # of free passes (prevented bribery)

29. Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Problem • Monopolies were formed which eliminated competition. • Solution • Outlawed trusts (monopolies) • Increased competition • Decreased prices • Increased value of products • Incentive to make new and better products

30. Review Game Which One Is It? Directions: You will be shown a description of a progressive legislation. When you are randomly selected, choose the matching legislation and earn a point!

31. Allowed the citizens to remove elected officials Recall

32. Made monopolies illegal The Sherman Anti-trust act

33. Created an income tax The 16th Amendment

34. outlawed alcohol The 18th Amendment

35. Made school mandatory The Compulsory Education Act

36. City council hired a professional manager to run city government. City manager plan

37. Allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval Referendum

38. Allowed a group of citizens to introduce legislation, required the legislature to vote on it . initiative

39. investigated and reported "upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of children.” The children’s bureau

40. Railroads could not set prices. Fixed rates. Interstate commerce act

41. Labels on food were mandatory Pure food and drug act

42. Regulated content and inspection of food The meat inspection act

43. A preliminary election was enacted in which voters choose candidates for the general election Direct primaries

44. Direct election of Senators 17th amendment

45. Gave aid to families of workers who were hurt or killed on the job. Workers compensation

46. What do you think was the most significant reform during the Progressive Era and why? Wrap-Up Discussion