The Furnace of Civil War

1. The Furnace of Civil War Chapter 21

2. Battle at Bull Run • July 21, 1861 Union troops march on Manassas Junction. • Union troops unprepared for battle. • Meet Gen. Stonewall Jackson • Union army is scattered by Confederate reinforcements. • Psychological results of victory?

3. The War at Sea Mainly fought as a result of the Union maritime blockade of the coast. The most significant result of it was the end of wooden warships and the rise of iron clad ships.

4. Battle of Antietam • Gen. Lee pushes into Maryland, faces McClellan. • Union recovers the battle plans of Lee and use this to their advantage. • Lee forced to retreat across the Patomac. • Why is Antietam regarded as a major turning point in the war?

5. Lee’s Last Lunge at Gettysburg • After victory at Fredericksburg, Lee attempts an invasion of the North. • Union defeats the South after 3 days of fighting. • Almost 8,000 combined dead. • Over 10,000 combined captured or missing. • Over 26,000 combined wounded. • Defeat breaks the spirit of the South. • What was most significant about the Union victory in the aftermath?

6. War in the West Enter Ulysses S. Grant • Drunkard who had to resign from the army to avoid a court-martial, he called back to service for the war. • His first successes came at Fort Henry and Fort Donelsonin Tennessee. • Cemented Kentucky into the Union and opened the gateway to Georgia and the heart of the South.

7. War in the West Battle of Vicksburg • The Union moves to take New Orleans by cutting the South off from the Miss. R. • Vicksburg and Port Hudson are the two major points of interest. • In his best fought campaign, Grant forces Vicksburg to surrender. • 5 days later Port Hudson falls to the Union. • The North now controls the Mississippi. • Successfully split the Confederacy in half.

8. Sherman Scorches Georgia The Georgia Campaign • William Tecumseh Sherman • Charged with taking Georgia after Grant removed Confed. from Tenn. • Burned Atlanta to the ground, as well as Columbia, S.C. • What was Sherman’s policy of “total war” supposed to accomplish?

9. Sherman Rampages Through the South

10. Politics of War and the Election of 1864The Union Party Northern Democrats Republicans (Union Party) Copperheads: openly obstructed the war, willing to settle for a negotiated peace with the Confederacy. Peace Democrats: Did not support Lincoln or the war. Lincoln and his original supporters. War Democrats: supported Lincoln and the war.

11. Politics of War and the Election of 1864 Union Party Ticket Democratic Party Ticket • Abraham Lincoln • Andrew Johnson • Many Union soldiers were furloughed home to support Lincoln at the polls – the “bayonet vote” • Electoral College: 212 to 21 • Popular vote: 55% to 45% • George McClellan • George P. Pendleton

12. Grant Outlasts Lee “Grant the Butcher” • A final push was needed by the Union to cement the Confederate defeat. • Grant moves on Richmond with 100,000 men to meet Lee. • Wilderness Campaign: Grant loses ~50,000 men, Lee proportionally equal at ~25,000 • Grant orders a frontal assault on Cold Harbor, Virginia • In only a few minutes 7,000 men were killed or wounded. • Grant finally corners Lee at Appomattox Court House and forces a surrender.