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Disease

Disease. Source of vulnerability. Important questions to answer. What is a disease? What is infection? Is disease the same as infection What causes disease or infection How is a disease transmitted? Is the disease a source of vulnerability?. Disease vs Infection. What is a disease?

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Disease

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  1. Disease Source of vulnerability

  2. Important questions to answer • What is a disease? • What is infection? • Is disease the same as infection • What causes disease or infection • How is a disease transmitted? • Is the disease a source of vulnerability?

  3. Disease vs Infection • What is a disease? • DISEASE: an abnormal condition of body function(s) or structure that is considered to be harmful to the affected individual (host)

  4. Emerging Infectious diseases (EIDs) • New diseases and diseases with increasing incidences are called EIDs

  5. Disease vs Infection • What is an infection? • INFECTION: the colonization and/or invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microrganisms in the host with or without the manifestation of disease

  6. What causes people to get ill? • Microorganisms • Bacteria • Viruses

  7. Bacteria vs Viruses • What are bacteria? • Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. • Can be aerobic or anaerobic • Most are one of three typical shapes (bacillus, cocci, spiral)

  8. Bacteria vs Viruses • What are viruses? • Viruses are noncellular structure composed mainly of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) contained within a protein coat known as a capsid. • They are considered nonliving because they fail to meet several of the commonly accepted criteria of life

  9. How is a disease transmitted HOST Host-Parasite Interactions DISEASE TRIAD PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT Microbial Interactions OTHER MICROBES

  10. Disease Transmission • Communicable vs. Non-communicable • Modes of transmission

  11. Communicable vs. Non-communicable • Non-communicable: cannot be transmitted from an infected person to a susceptible healthy one • Communicable • Transmitted from person to person • Directly: person-to-person contact • Indirectly: vehicle, vector, fomite

  12. EPIDEMIOLOGY • EPIDEMIC: disease occuring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy • ENDEMIC: disease present or usually prevalent in a population or geographic area at all times • PANDEMIC: a widespread epidemic distributed or occuring widely throughout a region, country, continent, or globally

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