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Explore the various types of infectious diseases, including nutritional diseases, and their impact on human health, population, history, and culture. Learn about pathogens like bacteria and viruses, disease transmission, vaccines, and the immune system's role in defending against illnesses. Discover key figures in disease research and the importance of germ theory in modern medicine.
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Disease II. Types of Disease: A Nutritional Disease- A Breakdown of Structures or Function in an Organism B Environmental C.Genetic D. Infectious
III. Nutritional DiseaseA. Imbalance in the Body Due to Too Little or Too Much of a NutrientB. Important nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, water C. Diseases Scurvy- lack of vitamin Obesity anorexia/ bulemia
IV. Infectious DiseaseA. Disease caused by harmful microorganisms B. Have had dramatic influence on human health and population C. Have greatly influenced history and culture Plague, small pox, malaria, HIV/AIDS D. Types of microorganisms 1. viruses 2. bacteria 3. protists 4. Animal parasites
Bacteria Viruses
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/ The Plague Pathogen= bacteria Yersinia pestis Host= rats Rattus rattus Vector= Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea)
Malaria- • A serious and common tropical disease • Caused by a protist • Found in 100 countries • 100 million cases each year • 1 million deaths per year • Pathogen= Plasmodium falciparum • Vector= mosquito-Anopholes sp.
Disease Transmission Epidemiology: • Pathogen- organism which causes disease • Host- organism in which the pathogen lives • Mode of Transmission- how you get it • Food • Vector • Water • Epidemic- spreading of an infectious disease.
Viruses A.. Structure 1.protein coat protection how a virus identifies and attaches to a host cell. 2. Hereditary Material • Inside protein coat Controls production of new viruses
Bacteria- Kingdom Monera • Characteristics- • Unicellular • Cell wall • No nucleus • Oldest life on earth- 3.5 billion years • Most numerous • Really small! • Structure • Cell parts; cell wall, membrane, DNA, cytoplasm • Some form endospores • Reproduction- Binary fission- mitosis
Classified by Shape • Spirilli- • Bacilli • cocci • Life Functions: • Movement- some have flagella • Others are carried within host • Energy • Some are Heterotrophs • others are Autotrophs
Harmful • Cause disease • Spoil food • Some disease; • plague • tularemia • relapsing fever • Lyme disease • spotted fever • Tuberculosis • diphtheria • whooping cough • strep throat • tetanus • cholera • leprosy • typhoid fever • Helpful • Used in industry • Food- yogurt, cheese • Decomposers • Nitrogen fixing for plants
Vaccines- begins with small pox • Smallpox is an ancient infectious disease caused by a virus. • Innoculation-variolation- practice of intentionally exposing someone to a mild case of smallpox in hopes of saving their life. Is this a good idea? http://www.jennermuseum.com/sv/smallpox.shtml
Edward Jenner& Vaccination • 1796- vaccinates James Phipps with cowpox from Sarah Nelmes. Experimented to prove country lore that cowpox would protect against Smallpox. 1980- “Smallpox is dead!”
Immune Systems • Immune System • I. Immune System- how our body defends itself against disease • A.First line of defense • a.Skin • b.Mucous • c.Cilia • d.Tears • e.Eyelashes • f.Ear wax • g.Digestive juices
B.Second line of defense • a.Inflammation • b.Fever • c.Phagocytes WBCs • d.Lymph nodes • e.Lymphocytes WBCs • T-cells: recognize foreign invaders • B-cells produce antibodies that work against antigens
II. Immunity- not susceptible • A.active • a.natural-normal immune response • b.artificial- • 1.vaccines • 2.Edward Jenner- vaccine for small pox • B.passive • a.natural-mother to fetus • b.artificial- from animals (pigs) ex. Tetanus shot
Germ Theory • Pasteur 1860s • Lister • Koch • Flemming, Chain and Florey Pasteur; created vaccine for rabbies among other accomplishments. Line drawing of Louis Pasteur drawn byDavid Wood from Genentech, Inc. Graphics Department.
