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JSC History Week 4 Session 1 The Rise of the Samurai

JSC History Week 4 Session 1 The Rise of the Samurai. Doyoung Park Osaka Gakuin University. Progress of Presentations. Topics Progress. Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture. Akira Kurosawa’s the Seven Samurai. Takuya Kimura’s Bushi no Ichibun( 武士の一分 ).

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JSC History Week 4 Session 1 The Rise of the Samurai

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  1. JSC History Week 4 Session 1The Rise of theSamurai Doyoung Park Osaka Gakuin University

  2. Progress of Presentations • Topics • Progress

  3. Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture Akira Kurosawa’s the Seven Samurai

  4. Takuya Kimura’s Bushi no Ichibun(武士の一分) Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

  5. 武士の一分

  6. Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture Video Game, Sengoku Muso

  7. Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

  8. Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

  9. Samurai Impacts

  10. Samurai Impacts

  11. Nitobe Inazo(新渡戸稲造：1862-1933) Author, Educator, Politician Bushido – The Soul of Japan (1990) “Moral manner of ruling class” “Honor and fair play” “Loyalty and braveness” Samurai Spirit

  12. Ruth Benedict (1887-1948) American anthropologist The Chrysanthemum and the Sword “Japan has a 'shame' culture, whose emphasis is on how one's moral conduct appear to outsider in contradistinction to America's (Christian) 'guilt' culture, in which the emphasis is on individual's internal conscience.“ Samurai Spirit

  13. Truths and myths of Samurai • Complicated behaviors • Death for honor among friends • Stealing heads • Changing affiliation for better contracts • Run out on a debt from merchants

  14. When the Last Sword Is Drawn

  15. Why Samurai? • The population of samurai 7-10% • Samurai was a ruling class in Japan • The trend of the ruling class culture is pursued by commoners • The concept of lady and gentleman

  16. The First Military Government

  17. The First Military Government • Emperor, Shirakawa(白川天皇: 1053-1129) • Recruited the Taira clan (平氏) for military power • Taira clan became high ranking officials • Most powerful military and political group

  18. Anti-Taira Clan Movements • One prince, Mochihitoo (1151-1180) fought Taira clan but got defeated • Anti-Taira clan groups arose

  19. Minamoto no Yoritomo • 源頼朝（1147-1199) • Military leader in izu • Gathered samurai in the Kanto area • Settled down at Kamakura • The Master of Kamakura

  20. The Location of Kamakura

  21. 源義仲1154-1184 Warlord of Shinano Defeated the Taira clan at Kyoto Occupied Kyoto Tried to replace the emperor Minamoto no Yoshinaka

  22. Trade between the emperor and Minamoto no Yoritomo • Enter Kyoto to resist Minamoto no Yoshinaka • Minamoto no Yoritomo asked for the area of Tokaido • Opened the war against the Taira clan • Destroyed the Taira in 1185 • Grasped the actual power of military and governance • The beginning of the Kamakura shogunate • Tension between Kyoto and Kamakura

  23. Kamakura Shogunate and Zen Buddhism • Zen, a new Buddhism • Suppressed by old schools • Expelled from Kyoto • Needed political patronage • Kamakura needed cultural and intellectual supports • Zen monks: Chinese literature and Neo-Confucian knowledge • Pool of manpower for the shogunate • Zen Buddhism successfully returned to Kyoto • With the support from the Kamakura shogunate

  24. Kamakura and Yuen Dynasty • Kublai Khan of the Mongol empire • Conquered Korea and attacked Kyushu area, Japan • Japanese army defeated Mongol army • Conventional theory • Typhoon season – Kamikaze (神風) • The other theory • Mongolian army was scouting unit • Cooperation of the shogunate and the imperial court • National-wide influence of the shogunate

  25. Anti-Kamakura Movement • Godaigo emperor (後醍醐天皇1288-1339) • Planned to locate the emperor at the center of power • Conflicted with the Kamakura shogunate • Issue of the crown prince • Exiled for the anti-shogunate plan

  26. Anti-Kamakura Movement • Anti-Kamakura mood from local warlords • The Kamakura shogunate dispatched the Ashikaga to Kyoto • The Ashikaga(足利) betrayed the shogunate • The end of the Kamakura shogunate • Godaigo emperor returned to Kyoto • The Muromachi shogunate (室町幕府：1336-1573)

  27. Sengoku-戦国時代 • Onin War 1467 • Weakend influence of the shogunate • The rise of local warlords • Oda Nobunaga expelled the shogun from Kyoto1573 • Beginning of Civil War

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