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Blood

Blood. Function of Blood Composition of Blood Blood Types. Function of Blood. Transport of: Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nutrients Wastes Immunity. Composition Of Blood. 55 % Plasma 45% Cells and Cell Parts. Plasma. composed of: clear golden fluid and Water dissoved substances

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Blood

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  1. Blood Function of Blood Composition of Blood Blood Types

  2. Function of Blood • Transport of: Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nutrients Wastes • Immunity

  3. Composition Of Blood • 55 % Plasma • 45% Cells and Cell Parts

  4. Plasma • composed of: • clear golden fluid and Water • dissoved substances • proteins • Has several functions: • Transports small molecules and ions • contains proteins involved in blood clotting • contains antibodies that are involved in disease fighting

  5. Blood Cells and Cell Parts There are 3 Cellular components to blood • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Blood Platelets

  6. Red Blood Cells • Also called Erythrocytes • Main function is to carry Oxygen • Structure: • Mature cells do not contain a nucleus • Cytoplasm contains a molecule called Hemoglobin • The function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen • every R.B.C contains > 200 mil. hemoglobin molecules

  7. White Blood Cells • also called Leucocytes • Function: protect the body from infection There are Two main types of W.B.C. s • macrophages • move out of capp. and digest foriegn materials by phagocytosis • Lymphocytes • manufacture antibobies that fight infection

  8. Platelets • Cell fragments • 250 million per cubic centimetre • Function: Trigger the Blood Clotting Process

  9. Review of Blood Components

  10. Antigen Molecules that cause the synthesis of antibodies when injected into another organism Antibody Proteins found in blood that attack and neutralize substances that are foreign to the body Important Terms

  11. Major Blood Groups • Discovered by Karl Landsteiner • Different blood groups are due to differing antigens present on red cell membranes • 4 Major Blood Types • A • B • AB • O

  12. BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS • Not all blood types can be mixed together • If the wrong Blood types are mixed a process called Agglutination will occur Agglutination - the clumping of blood • Examine the next chart to see compatible blood groups

  13. Blood Compatibilities

  14. Rh Factors • Other antigens that may be present on R. B C. s • Most people have these antigens they are said to be Rh Positive • Those without the antigen are said to be Rh Negative

  15. Rh Factors and Pregancy • Problems may occur if Rh negative mother gives birth to Rh positive baby • Mother may develop anti-Rh antibodies • Future pregnancies may result in these antibodies causing agglutination of babies blood • However injections have been developed that correct this problem

  16. Blood Clotting • Platelets broken open by damaged blood vessels • Platelets release chemicals that convert prothrombrin into thrombrin • Thrombrin causes fibrinogen molecules to join together to form strands called Fibrin • Many strands of Fibrin form amesh or clot that stops the bleeding

  17. Blood Clotting

  18. Blood Problems • Anemia - occurs when there is a shortage of hemoglobin ib blood • Leukemia - Cancer of the white blood cells • A.I.D.S - the H.I.V. virus attacks and destroys an important type of WBC • Sickle Cell Disease - abnormal hemoglobin causes RBC s to have irregular shape

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