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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. ASSOCIATED PRE/SUFFIXES. The Skin. Largest organ in the body In adults, covers 22 square feet Weighs 10 – 11 lbs (16% of body weight). STRUCTURE. Epidermis – top layer Dermis – middle layer

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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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  1. THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

  2. ASSOCIATED PRE/SUFFIXES

  3. The Skin • Largest organ in the body • In adults, covers 22 square feet • Weighs 10 – 11 lbs (16% of body weight)

  4. STRUCTURE

  5. Epidermis – top layer Dermis – middle layer Subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis) – third layer (textbook says this is really not a layer of the skin) Layers of the Skin

  6. Epidermis • Stratified squamous epithelial tissue • Stratum corneum – 25 – 30 layers of dead keratinocytes • Stratum lucidum – 3 – 5 layers of clear keratinocytes (fingertips, palms, soles) • Stratum granulosum – 3 – 5 layers of keratinocytes (apoptosis) • Stratum spinosum – 8 – 10 layer of keratinocytes • Stratum basale – single row of keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

  7. Dermis • Connective tissue • Blood vessels • Nerves • Glands • Hair follicles

  8. Papillary region – superficial 1/5, areolar c t, elastic fibers, blood vessels, touch sensors Reticular region – deeper, collagen and elastic fibers, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands Layers of the Dermis

  9. Melanocytes Hemoglobin Carotene Albinism Vitiglio Cyanotic Jaundice Erythema Pallor Skin Color

  10. Tattoos – pigments inserted into dermis with needle Body Piercings – inserting jewelry into an artificial opening Tats and Piercings

  11. Hair Nails Skin glands Sebaceous glands Sudoriferous glands Eccrine glands Apocrine glands Ceruminous glands Accessory Structures

  12. Anatomy Shaft Root Follicle Epithelial root sheath Dermal root sheath Bulb Papilla Matrix Function Protection Sensing Hair

  13. Depilatory Electrolysis Laser removal treatments Chemotherapy Lanugo Vellus hairs Terminal hairs Alopecia Hirsutism Androgenic alopecia (male-pattern baldness) Hair conditions/treatments

  14. Skin glands

  15. Nail body Lunula Hyponychium Eponychium (cuticle) Free edge Nail root Nail matrix Protects the end of the digit Nails

  16. Temperature Protection Sensation Excretion Absorption Vitamin D synthesis FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

  17. Thermoregulation – regulation of body temperature Releasing or restricting sweat Adjusting the flow of blood in the dermis Arrector Pili muscle Temperature Regulation

  18. Dehydration Keratin (protein) prevents water loss Sebum prevents drying out of hair and skin Microbial Keratin Sebum Sweat’s acid pH Epidermal Langerhans cells Abrasion Keratin UV rays Melanin Protection

  19. Tactile sensations Touch Pressure Vibration Tickling Thermal sensations Warmth Coolness Pain Meissner's corpuscle light touch Pacinian corpuscles deep pressure, vibration Free Nerve Endings pain, temp changes, itchiness. Cutaneous Sensation

  20. Sweat Water Heat Salts CO2 Ammonia Urea Lipid-soluble substances Fat-soluble vitamins Meds O2 CO2 Transdermal patches Excretion and Absorption

  21. Enzyme in the liver and kidneys modify the precursor molecule in the skin to produce Vit D Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of Ca in the digestive tract Synthesis of Vitamin D

  22. Epidermal wound healing Deep wound healing Wound Healing

  23. Aging of the Skin (D2)

  24. Focus on Homeostasis • Contribution of The Integumentary System to Homeostasis in other Body Systems – Table in text pg. 163

  25. Skin cancer Burns Decubitous ulcer Acne Herpes Hives Impetigo Nevus Wart Pruritis MRSA Albinism Diseases/Disorders

  26. Basil cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma Skin cancer

  27. 1st degree Epidermis damaged 2nd degree Epidermis & dermis, blisters 3rd degree All 3 layers 4th degree Burned down to the bone Burns

  28. Bed sore or pressure ulcer Decubitous ulcer

  29. It is generally caused by one of two bacteria: group A streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus Affects preschool and school-age children more likely to develop if the skin has already been irritated or injured by other skin problems Impetigo

  30. Itching Pruritis

  31. Methicillin resistant staphlococcus aureus MRSA

  32. Genetic disorder – individual fails to produce melanin Albinism

  33. Genetic Vitiglio

  34. Terms for # 2 • Parietal – lines the cavity • Visceral – covers the organ

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