PR E FIXES &SUFFIXES

1. PREFIXES &SUFFIXES

2. Prefix • Attaches directly to the beginning of a word • Meaning of prefix always remains the same • Prefix changes meaning of root to which it is attached • Not all words have prefixes

3. Prefixes • Remember • Meaning of prefix does not change • Prefix does change meaning of the word • Not all medical words have a prefix • Prefixes express numbers, measurements, position, direction, negatives, and color

4. Prefixes are the head of words , derived frompre-meaning before. • They are found at the beginning of words and modify their meanings. • Examples anti / biotic anti / septic

5. Prefixes are word components • Ex: ant (i) – • notice the hyphen end of the prefix. This denotes • that a prefix is not a complete word and • another word component must be attached. • antiseptic • antibody • 2. Prefixes determine the meaning • Consider the following word; • Ex: If the prefix Hyper – means excessive: • hyper / glycemia means ............................

6. Prefixes (continued) • Prefixes express numbers • None, one, two, three, four • Single, double, half • Prefixes express measurement • Quantities such as much, many, excessive • Multiples without specific numbers

7. Prefixes (continued) • Prefixes express position and/or direction • Used to describe a location • May be between, under, around, away from • May be upon, over, within, near, middle • May be below, behind, above, across

8. Prefixes (continued) • Prefixes express color • Color in reactions • Color of growths or rashes • Color of body fluids • Red, blue, green, yellow • White, black, gray, purple • Prefixes express negatives • May indicate not, without, lack of, against

13. Prefixes from Greek and Latin Greek Latin Meaning • hemi semi half,partial • hexa sexi six • hepta septem seven • hyper super, supra over • hypo sub under

14. Prefixes can change the meaning of a word to a negative form Ex: Normal Normal ab/normal away from

16. Suffixes • Remember • Meaning of suffix does not change • Suffix does change meaning of the word • Every medical word has an ending • Either a suffix or a complete word • Suffixes make a word a noun or an adjective

17. Suffix: Rule • If suffix begins with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,y) • Root will attach directly to it • If suffix begins with a consonant • Root will need a combining vowel • Before attaching to the suffix

18. Suffix: Rule • Example Word: cardiogram • Breakdown of word: cardi/o/gram • Root = cardi • Combining vowel = o • Suffix = gram • Note: Suffix begins with a consonant Combining vowel is needed

19. Suffix: Rule • Example Word: cardialgia • Breakdown of word: cardi/algia • Root = cardi • Suffix = algia • Note: Suffix begins with a vowel • Combining vowel is not needed

20. Suffixes: Rule • When suffix begins with a consonant • Combining vowel is needed to attach suffix to word root • Example: cephalodynia • Breakdown of word: cephal / o / dynia • Root = cephal • Combining vowel = o (isneeded) • Suffix = dynia (begins with consonant)

21. Suffixes: Rule • When suffix begins with a vowel • Combining vowel is not needed to attach suffix to word root • Example word: cephalalgia • Breakdown of word: cephal / algia • Root = cephal • Combining form = (not needed) • Suffix = algia (begins with a vowel)

22. Suffixes: Rule • Remember • When defining a medical term • Define suffix first • Define prefix second • Define word root(s) last

23. Suffixes • Suffixes indicate specialties and/or specialists • May be specialist in a field of study • May be one who specializes in the study of • May be one who treats • Suffixes indicate instruments • May be an instrument used to view • May be an instrument used to measure

24. Suffixes • Suffixes indicate surgical and diagnostic procedures • May be surgical puncture • May be process of recording • May be process of viewing with a scope • May be incision into

25. Medical Suffixes