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The Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Regeneration. By Anthony Catalano. The Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Provides support to tissue Composed of fibers: Collagen and Elastin Made up of cells called Fibroblasts Found in intercellular cavities. Discovery of ECM as a “Bioscaffold”.
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The Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Regeneration By Anthony Catalano
The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) • Provides support to tissue • Composed of fibers: Collagen and Elastin • Made up of cells called Fibroblasts • Found in intercellular cavities
Discovery of ECM as a “Bioscaffold” • 1989- Dr. Stephen Badylak performed Aortic surgery (Cardiomyoplasty) on a canine • Replaced canine’s Aorta with a segment of the canine’s small intestine • Canine survived surgery and lived for another 8 years Dr. Stephen Badylak
Further investigation of the ECM • Dr. Stephen Badylak determined it was the ECM that was the root cause of the successful surgery • Experimented on Xenogeneic ECM extracted from a pig bladder • Removed all cells from ECM • Performed same surgery with decellularized ECM
Physiology of Dr. Badylak’s Discovery • The ECM contains cells called fibroblasts • When tissue becomes damaged, fibroblasts secrete excess collagen to damaged site • The ECM scaffold prevents inflammation and excess collagen by promoting the secretion of growth factors • The growth factors prevent the immune system from secreting excess collagen and instead stimulates the body to repair tissue
Types of ECM scaffolding Today 1.)Hydrated sheet ECM 3.)ECM Gel (10ml-$175.88- Gibco®) 2.)Lyophilized powdered ECM (15mg-$400.00-CellAdhere™ )
Advantages and Disadvantages of ECM scaffolding PROS • Biocompatibility • No immune (post-surgery) drugs required • Regain of tissue function • Regeneration of tissue without use of controversial harvesting of stem cells CONS • Dependant on percentage of lost or damaged tissue (%25-80% max) • External Scarring • Recovery Rate (1-2 months)
Current Use of ECM scaffolds • FDA approved for clinical use in 1999 • Dr. Stephen Badylak is working with wounded veterans to replace lost muscle tissue • 80 patient study, 5 patients treated, all successful in regaining muscle function • Average of 12-15% regain in muscle mass Marine Sgt. Ron Strang Corporal Isaias Hernandez
Future of ECM Scaffolding • Use for hospitals and the military • Portable regenerative medicine for use at home (Band-Aids) • Rebuilding limbs or other artificial body parts* • Quicker recovery rate • Lower Cost
References • Badylak, Stephen, Dr. "The Extracellular Matrix as a Scaffold for Tissue Reconstruction." CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2002): Pgs:377-382 Web. • Piore, Adam. "Discover Magazine." The Healing Power from Within 7 July 2011: 68-88. Web. Valentin, J. E., J. S. Badylak, G. P. McCabe, and • S. F. Badylak. "Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds for Orthopaedic Applications. A Comparative Histologic Study." The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 88.12 (2006): 2673-686. Print. • "Extracellular Matrix." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix>. • Badylak, S. "Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix as a Scaffold for Tissue Reconstruction.“ Transplant Immunology 12.3-4 (2004): 367-77. Print. • Sell, Scott A., Patricia S. Wolfe, KoyalGarg, Jennifer M. McCool, Isaac A. Rodriguez, and Gary L. Bowlin. "The Use of Natural Polymers in Tissue Engineering: A Focus on Electrospun Extracellular Matrix Analogues." Polymers 2.4 (2010): 522-53. Print.