White lotus Rebellion and Vietnamese rebellion against Chinese

1. White lotus Rebellion and Vietnamese rebellion against Chinese

2. White Lotus Rebellion • Occurred during the Qin dynasty • Broke out in 1796 among impoverished settlers in mountainous region that separates Sichuan, Hube, and Shanxi. • Began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society

3. White Lotus Rebellion • White Lotus Society – A secret religious society, forecasted the advent of Maitreya, advocated the restoration of the Ming dynasty and promised salvation. • The Henshen sent inefficient imperial forces to suppress the rebels. • 1799, The Jiaqing Emperor overthrew the Henshen and supported the Machu commanders to restore discipline and moral.

4. White Lotus Rebellion • To restore discipline systematic programs of pacification followed. • In these programs, the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages where they were organized into a militia.

5. White Lotus Rebellion • Last stage: Qing suppression combined pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty. • The rebellion was crushed by the Qing government in 1804. • Marked the turning point in Qing dynasty history, because though the rebellion was crushed, it weakened Qing control and was diminished by the 19th century. • About 16 million people were killed.

6. Comparing to Brinton's Theory • The White Lotus Rebellion follows about all of phase one and a bit of phase two. • The rebellion has a class antagonist, which is the impoverished settlers. • The Government inefficiency is the Qing dynasty which did not satisfy the need of these settlers. • The inept ruler was the Henshen. • The White Lotus Society was able to gain strength from the impoverished settlers who wanted what they also sought. • The failure of force occurred when the Henshen sent over inefficient imperial soldiers to suppress the rebels.

7. Comparing to Brinton's Theory There is no financial breakdown hinted in the rebellion. Government protests increased with the use of guerilla bands. • Dramatic events such as the systematic program to create militia from the populace.

8. Comparing Brinton’s Theory • The rebellion does not follow the rest of the phases as the rebellion was crushed and no radicals took over and there was no civil war or any rule of a tyrant.

9. Vietnamese Rebellion against the Chinese (1418-1427) • Began as a campaign by Le Loi against the Ming on the day after Tet ( New Years) • Campaigned to get the Tran back into power • Supported by prominent families such as; Trinh and Nguyen from the ThanhHoa province • Getting the Tran back into power was really just used as a figurehead to hide the true leader of the revolt. • The real leader was Le Loi who was under the name “Pacifying King” (BinhDinhVuong)

10. Vietnamese Rebellion against the Chinese (1418-1427) • For 2-3 years, Le Loi was unable to muster up forces to defeat the Ming on open battle. This resulted in a type of guerilla war. • 1427, The revolt had spread across Vietnam and Ming forces for destroyed • Emperor Xuande sent 100,00 men to Vietnam as a last resort. Xuande thought they had enough men but soon found out that Le Loi had about 350,00 men, overpowering them.

11. Vietnamese Rebellion against the Chinese (1418-1427) • Le Loi staged a mock retreat which successfully tricked the Ming army, they captured General Liu Sheng in the process and he was executed. • Before the execution, Le Loi sent in false reports to China and led them into Hanoi. There they were surrounded and defeated within several battles. • Le Loi became the next emperor of Vietnam as a result of the victory. • Vietnam was acknowledged as an independent state • The Chinese lost over 90,00 men.

12. Comparing the Vietnam Rebellion against the Chinese • The Vietnam Rebellion against the Chinese follows the theory up to phase three. • The class antagonist was Le Loi and his supporters. Together they tried to overthrow the Henshen • The inept ruler was the Henshen who were the advisors of the emperor who corrupted his rule • Eventually the Henshen were overthrown and Jiaqing came into power. • Their failure force was their last resort to defeat the Vietnamese by sending in 100,000 troops which they thought would suffice.

13. Comparing the Vietnam Rebellion against the Chinese • There was no mention of a financial breakdown but since the Henshen was overthrown, it could be inferred that a bit of financial problem surfaced. • Le Loi’s guerilla warfare can be looked at as a way to protest against the Chinese Government. • Dramatic events took place such as the last resort plan by Emperor Xuande, and the mock retreat that was successful. • Le loi soon defeats the Ming army and his power begins to rise and soon he is named as the emperor of Vietnam. • 10 years later Vietnam becomes recognized as an independent state.

14. Comparing the Vietnam Rebellion against the Chinese • The rebellion does not go through the last two phases. No radicals after Le loi took power. There is no rule by any tyrant and no aggression with Nationalism.