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World War I The War to End All Wars 1914 - 1918

World War I The War to End All Wars 1914 - 1918. Causes of the War. Web of Alliances Triple Alliance Germany – Austria / Hungary – Italy Triple Entente France – England – Russia Problem – Borders not aligned geographically Militarism Arms Race Large Standing Armies

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World War I The War to End All Wars 1914 - 1918

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  1. World War I The War to End All Wars 1914 - 1918

  2. Causes of the War • Web of Alliances • Triple Alliance • Germany – Austria / Hungary – Italy • Triple Entente • France – England – Russia • Problem – Borders not aligned geographically • Militarism • Arms Race • Large Standing Armies • Inferior view of opposing Countries • Detailed Battle Plans • Schlieffen Plan (Germany) • Plan 17 (France) • Imperialism • Competition for resources • Rise of Nationalism • Intense Rivalries • Competition for Resources • Territorial Disputes

  3. The Spark! • The Balkans • Austro/Hungarian Empire holds Bosnia • Ethnically Slavic (As are Russians and Serbs) • The assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand of Austro-Hungry sparked the start of the war between Austria and Serbia. • Black Hand Society (Serbs) responsible • Austria gives Serbia an Ultimatum

  4. A Disastrous Chain of Events • June 28th – August 4th 1914 • Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand • Austro-Hung declares war on Serbia • Russia vows to Protect Serbia • Germany vows to protect Austro-Hung • Russia mobilizes to German/Polish Boarder • Germany fears attack and attacks Russia • France allies with Russia based on old treaty • Germany invades France through Belgium and Luxemburg • Britain declares war on Germany for invasion

  5. “A Jolly Little War” Millions rush off to war expecting to be home for Christmas. • Nations Take Sides • Allies • France-Great Britain-Russia-U.S.-Japan • Central Powers • Germany-Austria/Hungary-Italy-Ottoman Empire

  6. Map of World War I Alliances

  7. The Battle Plans for Victory? • Schlieffen Plan • Germany’s problem was fighting a war on two fronts • Germany’s plan was to invade France through Belgium and defeat France quickly thenturn to the Eastern Front and defeat Russia • Plan 17 • Frances plan to invade Germany across the open plain of Alsace-Lorraine with bicycles and horses.

  8. When Battle Plans Fail Stalemate • Plans Fail • Plans are based on false assumptions of enemy strength • Plan 17 fails, German defenses are much to strong • Schlieffen invasion starts well, ends bad • Belgium and France do not have the infrastructure to support German advance • Battle of the Marne • 600 taxi cabs rush French & British forces to the battle • Hold line 40 miles from Paris • Stalemate on the Western Front

  9. Western Front • Trench Warfare on French-German Boarder • 500 miles of Trench from North Sea to the Alps • 1 – 10 miles across • Battles • Verdun, Marne, Somme Valley

  10. Trench Warfare • Trench Warfare • Troops are forced by new weapons into trenches for protection • 3ft to 10 ft trenches 100 – 1000yds. apart • Land in middle is called “No Mans Land” • System of attack – counter attack • Fortified by machine guns, gas, artillery and cement made it difficult for troops to advance, this causes a stalemate.

  11. Trench Warfare

  12. World War I Weapons • Tank • Armor protection, mobile gun, unreliable in WWI • Submarine • German U-Boat, Torpedoes, Shipping Blockades • Poison Gas • Mustard Gas & Chlorine, Choked-Blinded & Killed • Machine Gun • Caused Trench warfare, Two men could operate • Air Plane • Air recon., Bombing, Dog Fighting

  13. Flamethrowers

  14. Grenades

  15. Machine Guns • US Browning M1917

  16. US Colt Pistols • German Luger

  17. Gas Warfare

  18. Tanks • British “Little Willie” Tank • French Renault Light Tank

  19. Tanks • British Mark IV • German A7V

  20. Artillery • German Krupp RR Gun

  21. German “Big Bertha” US “Calamity Jane Howitzer Artillery

  22. Submarines/U-boats • German U-Boats

  23. Zeppelins

  24. Zeppelin Bombs

  25. USS Texas

  26. US Floating Mine

  27. US Destroyer dropping depth charges

  28. Planes • Plane dropping torpedo

  29. Baron Manfred von RichtofenThe Red Baron

  30. Death & Destruction Pictures

  31. Truly Global War • Imperial Interest • Countries needed to protect territory they had in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

  32. Asian Conflicts • Japan • Take German land in China • Take German South Pacific Islands. • India • 1.3 Million Indians Fight for Great Britain, their Imperial Rulers.

  33. America get involved! • Lusitania Sinking: A civilian trading ship carrying 11 US civilians is sunk by a German U-boat. • Zimmerman telegram: Germany sends a note to Mexico to persuade them to attack America, US discovers the note. • The US declares war on Germany and joins the war effort about a year before the war ends. • US never plays a major role in the war.

  34. Lusitania Sinking

  35. Armistice! November 11th 1918European Tragedy • The Lost Generation • 37% of European Males between 18-24 Died • Deaths • Germany 2.1 Million • France 2 Million • Russia 1.7 Million • Austro-Hung. 1.5 Million • Italy 500,000 • 332 Billion in Economic Losses

  36. Treaty of Versailles France and Britain impose harsh penalties on Germany German must take full responsibility for war Pay 33 Billion to allies Restrictions on German Army and Navy - 100,000 Soldiers Took traditional German Lands US President Woodrow Wilson- Wilson’s Fourteen Point Plan Rejected as to forgiving to Germans Point 14 a League of Nations accepted by Europe A Flawed Peace

  37. Europe after WWI

  38. World War I Legacy“The War to End All Wars” ? • 10 Million Killed • 332 Billion in Economic Lose • Europe • War torn economies and Cities • Lost generation • Germany has hatred for European Powers • German Economic Depression • Leads to Hitler’s Rise and WWII • Italians feel slighted by concessions • Russian Collapses Leads to Revolution • Rise of Communism – Lenin - Stalin • World • U.S. Industrial Boom • Europe lost many industrial centers • Red Scare / Fear of Socialism • Changing borders in Asia and Africa • Japan feels slighted as Europe takes territory

  39. Credits / Works Cited • BBC. World War One: The western front 1914-1918 animation. Retrieved April 20, 2009 fromhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml • Ilvlian Romania (Producer). (2008, July 7) WW1 Chemical Attack. Retrieved April 20, 2 009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R31m6hEctIw&NR=1 • HAFU Video (Producer). (2008, October 17). Classic World War One Fighters. Retrieved April 21, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2ARkEiaSJk • Killtron (Producer). (2006, July 28) World War One – Tanks. Retrieved April 21, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHIp-hyXKWc • New Vicaar (Producer). (2009, Jan 16) Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Retrieved April 20, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed-i7zWgqZo&feature=PlayList&p=78EA397BCFA3F76F&index=0&playnext=1 • Sonic Bomb (Producer). (2008, June 5) WW1 in Colour HD. Retrieved April 20, 2009 f from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsBUXTgt-YE&feature=related

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