Warm Up: Images Notes: New Deal and America Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: Images • Notes: New Deal and America • Closing Activity: Quotes • Review

2. Images

7. Notes

8. 2nd New Deal • Second Hundred Days • programs to continue kelp for working class Americans and their families • Reelected

9. More Programs • WPA • Works Progress Administration • gave out $11 billion in jobs to 8 million workers –public works of lasting value

10. More Programs • Social Security Act • old age pensions, unemployment, aid to families with children • Not a complete pension or welfare system, but provides benefits.

11. More Programs • Rural Electrification Administration • Bring electricity to isolated areas.

12. Labor Relations • National Labor Relations Act---(Wagner Act) • NLRB – National Labor Relations Board • right to unionize • Organize & join unions • anti-union practices banned • Cannot threaten, fire, or interfere w/workers organizing unions. • Fair Labor Standards • minimum wage, 40 hour week • $0.25 an hour, rules for workers under 16 – banned hazardous work for those under 18 • Growth of AFL, CIO • Congress of Industrial Organization Union • American Federation of Labor Union NLRB

13. Court Packing • Several New Deal programs ruled unconstitutional • AAA, NRA – Unconstitutional due to overstepping Federal bounds – AAA – taxing processing plants to pay farmers, NRA – rules on unions, wages, and shipment of chickens

14. Court Packing • Roosevelt proposed adding new justices • For every justice over the age of 70 (would have appointed 6 new justices) • Seen as a threat to checks and balances

15. Women in the Depression • Eleanor Roosevelt • Social reformer – pushes FDR to appoint women into govt. • Several women named to high govt. positions • Francis Perkins • 1st Female Cabinet Member • Secretary of Labor

16. Women in the Depression • working women faced resentment • Believed to take jobs away from men. • women’s wages still lower than men • gov’t programs gave preferences to men • Either didn’t hire women or hired at lower min. wage

17. African Americans • Depression hit African Americans extra hard • Mary McLeod Bethune - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt that established “Black Cabinet” • Influential African Americans to advise FDR. • Concert of Marian Anderson at the Lincoln Memorial • Easter Sunday – arranged by Eleanor Roosevelt. • Roosevelt never fully committed to civil rights • Took efforts to promote racial equality, but afraid to lose S. votes. • African Americans came to support the Democratic Party • Considered best hope for the future.

18. Art and Literature • many artists displayed the reality of the Depression • Federal Arts Project (WPA) • Pay writers and artists to document the Great Depression. • Grant Wood – Painting • American Gothic

19. Art and Literature • Federal Arts Project (WPA) • Richard Wright • Native Son • John Steinbeck • Grapes of Wrath • Oklahomans hardships

20. Radio Entertains the Masses • family entertainment • soap operas • Late mornings to early afternoons to attract homemakers. • Children’s Programs • Green Hornet, Lone Ranger • Aired in afternoon after school let out. • Variety shows and plays • Bob Hope, George Burns • Orson Welles • “War of the Worlds” • Martians invaded Earth – many initially thought it was true.

21. Entertainment • Marx Brothers • Gangster films • Frank Capra, Jimmy Stewart • ”Mr. Smith goes to Washington” • ”It’s a wonderful Life”

22. Motion Pictures • Gone with the Wind, 1939 • One of the most famous films of the era • Escape from Depression. • Wizard of Oz, 1939 • Portray hope that all will get better. • Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, 1937 • Disney animation brought to life.

23. Motion Pictures • Wizard of Oz, 1939 • Portray hope that all will get better.

24. End of the New Deal • ”I see 1/3 of a nation ill -housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished” • by 1937, some recovery • gov’tpulls back programs and depression returns • opposition grows to continued gov’tcontrol

25. End of the New Deal • international affairs begin to take precedence • New Deal has great legacy • Govt. with more active role

26. Quotes

27. Quotes • “I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished. • It is not in despair that I paint you that picture. I paint it for you in hope--because the Nation, seeing and understanding the injustice in it, proposes to paint it out.” FDR’s 2nd Inaugural • “This is our hour! We’ve got to get everything we want- a works program, social security, wages and hours, everything- now or never.” Harry Hopkins, FDR Advisor • “Lots of us enjoyed our leisure at the movies. The experience of going was like a candy we could never get enough of; the visit to the dark theater was an escape from the drab realities of Depression living…” Don Congdon • “The director of the Federal Arts Project was Edward Bruce…He insisted there be no restrictions. You were a painter: Do your work. You were a sculptor: Do your work.” Artist Robert Gwathmey

28. Quiz

29. This only true scandal of FDR’s Presidency involved him trying to do what to the Supreme Court?

30. What “first” is Francis Perkins noted for?

31. Which person came to the aid of Marian Anderson when she was not able to sing in a concert because she was black? (both first and last name)

32. This part of the 2nd New Deal provided public works but also jobs for actors, writers, and artists?

33. The Fair Labor Standards established the length of the work week at this?

34. This program would provide elderly Americans with a monthly pension?

35. This law finally made union membership a right that could not be denied?