CELL TRANSPORT

1. CELL TRANSPORT PASSIVE & ACTIVE TRANSPORT CLASSROOM BOOK: 7-3 ZEBRA BOOK: 7-4

2. Cell Membrane • MAIN FUNCTION IS TO REGULATE WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS • A STABLE, INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

3. HOMEOSTASIS - EXAMPLES OF • SHIVERING WHEN COLD TO GENERATE HEAT WITHIN THE BODY • SWEATING WHEN HOT TO COOL THE INTERNAL CORE TEMPERATURE.

4. THE CELL MEMBRANE • MADE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS

5. LIPID BILAYER STRUCTURE

6. LIPID BILAYER • TWO LAYERS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS • PHOSPHATE HEAD IS POLAR (WATER LOVING) • FATTY ACID TAILS ARE NON POLAR (WATER HATING)

7. PROTEINS • ARE EMBEDDED IN THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT ACT AS DOORS SO SUBSTANCES CAN ENTER AND EXIT.

8. CELL MEMBRANE • ALSO REFERRED TO AS: • LIPID BILAYER • PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER • PLASMA MEMBRANE

9. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE • THE CELL MEMBRANE WILL ALLOW CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TO PASS THROUGH EASILY • EX: WATER, SUGARS, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE

10. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE • AND, KEEP OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM PASSING THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE • EX. LARGE LIPIDS, PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES,

11. TRANSPORT IN THE CELL • CAN BE • PASSIVE TRANSPORT OR • ACTIVE TRANSPORT

12. PASSIVE TRANSPORT • NO ENERGY INPUT BY THE CELL IS NEEDED FOR MOVEMENT TO OCCUR • THE 3 TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT ARE: • DIFFUSION • OSMOSIS • FACILITATED DIFFUSION

13. DIFFUSION • THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

14. OSMOSIS • THE MOVEMENT OF WATER FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE. • THE WAY THAT WATER MOVES IN LIVING ORGANISMS

15. OSMOSIS • IS HOW WATER MOVES IN LIVING ORGANISMS

16. THREE TYPES OF OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS • HYPERTONIC • HYPOTONIC • ISOTONIC

17. OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS • HYPOTONIC - THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS LOWER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES IN THE CYTOPLASM. • (LESS WATER INSIDE OF THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE OF THE CELL)

18. Hypotonic Solutions

19. RED BLOOD CELL IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION • WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? • WHY?

20. OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS • HYPERTONIC – THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS HIGHER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES INSIDE OF THE CELL. • (MORE WATER INSIDE OF THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE OF THE CELL)

21. Hypertonic Solutions

22. RED BLOOD CELL IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION • WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? • WHY?

23. OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS • ISOTONIC – THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL ARE EQUAL. • (THE AMOUNT OF WATER INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS EQUAL).

24. Isotonic Solutions

25. RED BLOOD CELL IN AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION • WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? • WHY?

27. FACILITATED DIFFUSION • THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF CARRIER PROTEINS IN THE MEMBRANE

28. FACILITATED DIFFUSION • PROCESS USED FOR MOLECULES THAT CANNOT DIFFUSE RAPIDLY THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES • MOLECULES MAY NOT BE SOLUBLE TO LIPIDS OR TOO LARGE TO PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE

29. EXAMPLE OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION • TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE • CARRIER PROTEINS MOVE GLUCOSE OUT OF THE CELL TO WHERE IT IS NEEDED

30. ACTIVE TRANSPORT • REQUIRES ENERGY INPUT BY THE CELL FOR MOVEMENT TO OCCUR. • INCLUDES: • SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP • ENDOCYTOSIS • EXOCYTOSIS • ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

31. ENDOCYTOSIS(ENTERING THE CELL) • TAKING MATERIAL INTO THE CELL BY MEANS OF INFOLDINGS OR POCKETS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE • THE POCKET FORMS A VACUOLE AND CARRIES THE MATERIAL

32. Endocytosis

33. ENDOCYTOSIS – TWO TYPES • PINOCYTOSIS – THE TRANSPORT OF SOLUTES OR FLUIDS • PHAGOCYTOSIS – THE TRANSPORT OF LARGE PARTICLES OR WHOLE CELLS

34. EXOCYTOSIS(EXITING THE CELL) • THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS REMOVE MATERIALS FROM THE CELL • REVERSE PROCESS OF ENDOCYTOSIS

35. EXOCYTOSIS