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Cell Transport

Cell Transport. maintaining homeostasis. Chapter 5 in textbook. Passive Transport. Does NOT require any ATP or energy Happens automatically Channels may be used in cell membrane. Passive Transport. This type of transport moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

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Cell Transport

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  1. Cell Transport • maintaining homeostasis Chapter 5 in textbook

  2. Passive Transport • Does NOT require any ATP or energy • Happens automatically • Channels may be used in cell membrane

  3. Passive Transport • This type of transport moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration

  4. Diffusion • Type of passive transport • When molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is met

  5. What affects the rate of diffusion? • Concentration of the solution • Temperature of the solution • Pressure also speeds up particle motion

  6. Concentration • The amount of dissolved solute in a solution • Molecules will move to an area less concentrated • Molecules diffuse through the cell membrane of cells

  7. Concentration gradient • The difference in concentration in a solution between a cell and its surroundings

  8. Concentration Gradient • No gradient - even distribution • Concentration to the right

  9. Increase Rate of Diffusion • Temperature • Molecules move faster in higher temperatures • Pressure • Increasing pressure also increases rate of diffusion

  10. Equilibrium • This occurs when there is no longer a concentration gradient • Molecules are evenly dispersed but still continue to move randomly

  11. Cell Membrane • Movement through membrane • Cell membrane is surrounded by water • Phospholipid bilayer

  12. Cell Membrane • Forms by itself in water • Proteins imbedded • Markers • Receptors • Channels

  13. Diffusion in cells • Small molecules diffuse in and out of the cell to reach equilibrium on both side of the membrane

  14. Osmosis • Diffusion of water across a biological membrane • From an area of high concentration to low concentration of WATER • Comparing concentrations

  15. Osmosis in Cells • Cells are surrounded by water and filled with water. • Water can move freely through the membrane

  16. Direction of Osmosis

  17. Hypertonic • Outside cell is more concentrated than cell • ex: 20% salt solution 10% salt solution • The solution with 20% salt is hypertonic compared to the 10% salt solution

  18. Hypotonic • Outside the cell is less concentrated than cell • ex: 10% salt solution 20% salt solution • The solution with 10% salt is hypotonic compared to the 20% salt solution

  19. Isotonic • Equal concentrations • ex: 10% salt solution 10% salt solution • Equilibrium is reached

  20. Osmotic Pressure • Net movement of water into cells • Determined by solute concentration

  21. Osmosis - hypertonic • Higher concentration in solution • Ex: a cell in salt water • If molecules are too large to fit through cell membrane or protein channels • Water will diffuse OUT of the cell to reach equilibrium • Cell shrinks

  22. Osmosis - hypotonic • Lower concentration in solution • Ex: a cell in pure water • If molecules are too large to fit through cell membrane or protein channels • Water will diffuse INTO the cell to reach equilibrium • Cell swells - may burst!

  23. Osmosis - Isotonic • Equal concentration in solution • If molecules are too large to fit through cell membrane or protein channels • Water will diffuse IN AND OUT of the cell to maintain equilibrium

  24. Osmosis in Plant Cells • Turgor Pressure • Pressure on the walls of the plant cells due to vacuole filling • Increase in turgor pressure is increase in water to cell • Plasmolysis • When a cell shrinks due to lack of water

  25. Red Onion Cells - Isotonic

  26. Red Onion Cells - Hypertonic

  27. Red Onion Cells - Hypotonic

  28. Facilitated Diffusion • When the cell membrane has protein channels (carrier proteins) where materials are transported in or out of cell • NO energy needed for this process

  29. Active Transport • Against concentration gradient • From an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration • Requires cell energy (ATP) because you’re going AGAINST concentration gradient

  30. 3 types of active transport • Protein channels embedded in cell membrane • Gated channels • Need energy to open • Protein changes shape when energy is used

  31. Sodium/Potassium Pump • Step 1: 3 Na+ ions bind to carrier protein • Step 2: ATP binds to carrier protein and changes shape allowing Na+ to move out of the cell • Step 3: 2 K+ ions move into carrier protein • Step 4: ATP binds to carrier protein and changes shape allowing K+ to move into the cell

  32. Movement in Vesicles • Endocytosis - INTO the cell • Cell membrane is used to create a vesicle around particles • Phagocytosis • Particle ingestion • Pinocytosis • Liquid ingestion

  33. Movement in Vesicles • Exocytosis - OUT of the cell • Vesicles created in the cell fuse with cell membrane and release particles/liquids • Known as bulk transport

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