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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Principal Parts Perfect Tense. Nouns. Verbs. Principal Parts. All verbs in Latin have 4 principal parts Eg : teneō , tenēre , tenui , tentus Principal parts are given on the vocabulary lists. They must be MEMORIZED.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Principal Parts Perfect Tense

  2. Nouns

  3. Verbs

  4. Principal Parts • All verbs in Latin have 4 principal parts Eg: teneō, tenēre, tenui, tentus • Principal parts are given on the vocabulary lists. They must be MEMORIZED. Eg: au´geō, augē´re, [au´xi, auc´tus] increase do´ceō, docē´re, [do´cui, doc´tus] teach ha´beō, habē´re, [ha´bui, ha´bitus] have, hold ter´reō, terrē´re, [ter´rui, ter´ritus] scare, frighten

  5. First Principal Part • The 1st principal part of a verb: • Is the 1st person singular present tense form of that verb • Is translated “I ---(verb)” Eg: augeō = I increase liberō = I free mereō = I earn teneō = I hold

  6. Second Principal Part • The 2nd principal part of a verb: • Tells which conjugation a verb belongs in • āre = 1st conjugation • ēre = 2nd conjugation • Is the infinitive • Is translated “to ---(verb)” • Is used to form the present stem (present and future tenses) Eg: augēre = to increase liberāre = to free merēre = to earn tenēre = to hold Review Present stem is the infinitive minus “re”, used to form the present & future tenses Review of Present Stem

  7. Third Principal Part • The 3rd principal part of a verb: • Is the 1st person singular PERFECT tense form of that verb • Is translated “I (verb)-ed” (past tense) • Is used to form the perfect stem Eg: auxi = I increased liberāvi = I freed merui = I earned tenui = I held

  8. Fourth Principal Part • The 4th principal part of a verb: • Is the perfect passive participle form of that verb • Is translated “ having been (verb)-ed” (past tense) • Is used to form the participial stem Eg: auctus= having been increased liberātus = having been freed meritus = having been earned tentus = having been held

  9. Perfect Tense • Use: to express action in the past • To form: perfect stem + perfect endings • To translate: Add –ed to the verb in English. What do you need to learn now?

  10. Perfect Tense • Perfect stem is the 3rd principal part minus the “i” • doceō, docēre, docui, doctus perfect stem = docu • amō, amāre, amāvi, amātus perfect stem = amav • ponō, ponere, posui, positus perfect stem = ? • augeō, augēre, auxi, auctus perfect stem = ?

  11. Perfect Tense Endings

  12. Perfect Tense Exampleamō, amāre, amāvi, amātus

  13. Practice Conjugate in the perfect tense • teneō, tenēre, tenui, tentus • liberō, liberāre, liberavi, liberatus Translate: • mandavi • habuistis • terruerunt • he remained • I worked

  14. Patterns, patterns, patterns Translate: • (love) • amō • amāre • amāvi • (give) • donō • donāre • donāvi • (ikloefim) • yyyxxxzzzō • yyyxxxzzzēre • yyyxxxzzzui • How do you translate the: • 1st principal part • 2nd principal part • 3rd principal part • (increase) • augeō • augēre • auxi • (have) • habeō • habēre • habui

  15. Write it out • Starting with the words “Always translate the…”, write a rule for translating each of the first three principal parts of a Latin verb.

  16. Quiz Review • Quiz tomorrow • Latin to English vocab Chapter 12 only (no notes) • Fill in the blanks using notes • Fill in the perfect tense endings chart using notes • Give the perfect stem of Latin words given the principal parts • Translate principal parts and words with perfect endings

  17. Review of Present Stem

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