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The Age of Expansion

The Age of Expansion. “Nothing can stand in the way of the spirit of the age.” –John Hay. What is Foreign Policy?. How we deal with other countries. What we want to get out of our relationship with other countries. Goals? Objectives? What is our interest? Our strategy?.

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The Age of Expansion

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  1. The Age of Expansion “Nothing can stand in the way of the spirit of the age.” –John Hay

  2. What is Foreign Policy?

  3. How we deal with other countries. • What we want to get out of our relationship with other countries. • Goals? Objectives? What is our interest? Our strategy?

  4. Who does foreign policy?

  5. State Department • “To build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community." • Joint Chiefs • NSA • CIA • Defense Department • Secretary of State

  6. The shift in US Foreign Policy From Isolationism to Imperialism

  7. Policy to avoid involvement with others ISOLATIONISM

  8. Previous examples: • Treaty of Alliance- 1778 • Franco-American Alliance • Wash/Jeff vs. Hamilton/Federalists (French Rev.)  neutrality • Washington’s Farewell Address- 1793 • Friendly neutrality: enemies war, friendships  unwise treaties • POV? • The Monroe Doctrine- 1823 • Hey Europe, STAY OUT! • Alabama Claims-1869 • $15.5 m from GB to US for damage done by British build Confed. warships Early FP

  9. New markets, military strength, cultural superiority • IR era- favors capitalist concerns • Laissez Faire, protective tariffs, monopolies, hard money • Gov. reg = SOCIALISM destruction of US, opportunity, jobs • Socialism? • growing need for natural resources, new markets • Turner’s Frontier Thesis • Others: Josiah Strong (Xnty), Mahan (naval power), Jingoists (threats, force, war necessary to protect nat’l interests) The Shift

  10. Growth of Socialism • Capitalism at risk- could be overthrown by communism if markets are gone. • Social Darwinism • “White Man’s Burden” • A-S superiority  fittest, most capable of governing others • Americans are “made for greatness”, man vs. savages • Growth of Eugenics The Shift

  11. Seward = SOS 1861-1869 • 1664-1867- Mexico • FR/GB/SP invade to collect $ for debt, Fr. Nap III push to Mexico City, Pres. Juarez flees, Emp. Max in (puppet regime) • US refuse recognition, then aid Juarez • 1867- “Seward’s Folly” • AK for $7.2 m (21 C/acre)  Klondike Gold Strike (1898) Seward Makes the Move

  12. 1867- Midway Islands • GUANO = fertilzer • 1875/1898- Hawaii (Hamilton Fish, James Blaine) • Coal stop, Big Sugar (Reciprocity, 1875) Pearl Harbor (1887), Planters Revolt (1887), Sanford Dole, Liliuokalani (1891), Republic of Hawaii (1894), Annexation • McKinley Tariff- 1890 • Sugar eliminated • Impact of Hawaii, Cuba

  13. J. Blaine #1: 1881 • Vision to pull LA nations under US leadership, free trade • Big Sister Policy • Pan American Union (1881, 1889) – extend trade, political influence, solve disputes…but fails! • “War of the Pacific” = Chile vs. Bolivia’ • US navy in decline, Chile strong  STEEL ships • 1890- Naval Act  $$ for battleships • J. Blaine #2: 1889-1892 • Belligerent Diplomacy (“Jingo Jim”) Toward a “new Manifest Destiny”

  14. Germany (1889) • Berlin Conf. b/t G, US, GB • Autonomy to Samoa, all 3 gain access to harbor • Canada- Pribilof Islands (don’t kill the seals!) • 1889 law to prohibit hunting off of AK, Canadians continue, Navy seizes Canadian ships • GB agree to arbitration regulated hunting, $$ • Italy (1890-1891) • Police Chief in NO attempt to put down mafia  assassination • Murderers not guilty mob storms prison, lynches 11 (Italians) Blaine- Europeans

  15. Chile • 1891-refuge to Chileans (CW) • Fight b/t Chileans and sailors  2 deaths • Venezuela (1895-1896) • Dispute b/t GB and Venezuela over land b/t B. Guiana & V. (GOLD) • US warn not to violate Monroe Doctrine Blaine- Latin America

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