The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion

1. The Age of Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion 39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors, including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain 39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact 39c - explain the role of the improved technology in European exploration including the astrolabe

2. Essential Question (19.1) • What were the motivations of early explorers? • How did these motivations open up the world as we know it today?

3. Activator • Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet and in the Universe… why do we want to explore them? What is the benefit to mankind? • With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2 minutes… GO!!!!

4. Introduction

5. Making Connections • How did the Renaissance encourage exploration? • How about the Crusades?

6. Europeans seek new trades routes • But why? • Luxury goods from Asia • Spices • Why spices? • Traditional trade routes took a long time • How do you think they got from Europe to the East?

7. God, Glory and Gold! God, Glory and Gold! God, Glory and Gold!

8. Another motivation… Christianity • Bartolomeu Dias • “To serve God and His majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

9. Technology to make it possible • The caravel • Made it possible to sale against the wind • Sturdier • Triangular sails from Arabs • Better navigational techniques • The Astrolabe

10. The Astrolabe

11. Portugal leads the way… • Prince Henry • Son of Portugal's King • Wished to spread Christianity • Set up trade routes down the West Coast of Africa • Slaves

12. Bartolomeu Dias • 1488 – Dias and his crew sailed down the coast of Africa to what is now known as the Cape of Good Hope • After storm, Dias realized they were on the other side

13. Vasco Da Gama • In 1498, Da Gama reached India • The first European to do so • The 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a direct route to India • http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey05/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html

14. Chinese Explorer • Zheng He • Used the magnetic compass to help navigate by finding direction; made navigation more exact • The compass also helped European explorers • Explored to show Chinese superiority • Expeditions were cancelled because Chinese officials though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too much)

15. Zheng He

16. WORD VOMIT…. List as many things you know about Christopher columbus as possible…. You have 2 minutes… starting now!

17. In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the oceans blue… • Italian sea captain • His mission was funded by Spain • Find a sea route to India by sailing west • Short-term impact: Increase tensions between Spain and Portugal • Long-term impact: Opened up the new world to European settlers

18. Christopher Columbus

19. Review • What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do? • What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?

20. Treaty of Tordessillas • Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia • They believed Spain may have claimed lands AFTER Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da Gama) • Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean

21. Review • What was Columbus’ goal? • Who funded his mission? • Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.

22. Trading Empires • After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean. • The Dutch East India Trading Company • Had power to mint money, make treaties, and raise armies • The Netherlands along with England eroded Portuguese control of Asia • http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey05/secured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs05_019_534.html

23. British and French Traders • 1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over Southeast Asia • They also began to conquer this region

24. Summary • 3 – things you learned • 2 – things you want to learn more about • 1 – thing you have a question about

25. Essential Question(s) • What was the early role of Spain in the Americas? • How has the influenced lasted and shaped the Americas today?

26. More Christopher Columbus • It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land • He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia… • Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean Sea Scholars think was the Bahamas • Why did he call the native inhabitants that he encountered “los indios?”

27. Columbus • Columbus was granted permission/funds for three more trips • No longer as an explorer but now as an Empire builder • His mission was to start colonies • Territories controlled by another nation

28. Columbus

29. Review • What was Columbus looking for? • What did he actually discover? • On his later voyages, what was Columbus’ goal? • What was Magellan's men/ships the first to do?

30. Other Explorers

31. Ferdinand Magellan • Spanish Explorer • In 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of the Pacific and find the East Indies • Magellan reached the Philippines and was killed • His crew continued to sail towards home • Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 men • The were the first persons to circumnavigate the globe • What does “circumnavigate” mean?

32. The Ballad of Magellan

33. The Conquistadors • Spanish Explorers lured by rumors of riches • Carved out colonies in what would become Mexico, South America, and the United States • What was the result? • Tremendous Spanish influence in the New World

34. Review • Name one explorer and his importance?

35. Hernando Cortes • Conquered the Aztecs in 1521 • Motivated by gold and riches • Only 600 men killed thousands of Aztecs • Many killed by disease

36. Francisco Pizzarro • Conquered the Incas in 1532 • Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000 Inca warriors lead by Atahualpa http://www.history.com/videos/gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest#gold-pizarros-mayan-conquest

37. Spain creates and empire • Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo – mixed community • The Spanish were also oppressive rulers • Encomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of the native peoples from the Spanish government

38. The Spanish Empire • By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful nation in the World • Explorers push north into what is now the United States • Ponce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in 1513 • Coronado – lead an expedition through what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas • Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in early 17th Century

40. Review • What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today? • Who were the Conquistadors and what was their motivation?

41. Summarize today’s material in one word!

42. Chapter 20.2

43. Essential Questions • How did the settlement of North America take place? • How does this shape the United States today?

44. Other European Nations stake a claim • France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in North America!

45. New France • Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with 32 colonists and founded Quebec • Quebec became the base for France’s North American holdings

46. England won’t be left out • Jamestown • Founded in 1607 • First successful English colony • 7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and disease

47. Pilgrims and Puritans • Pilgrims • Calvinists – What did Calvinists believe? • Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts) in 1620 • Fled Europe to exercise greater religious freedom • Puritans • Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why? • Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630

48. The Dutch • Henry Hudson • Englishmen in service of the Netherlands • Was searching for a Northwest sea route to Asia • Ended up explorer the waterways of the American North East • The Dutch also colonized a great deal of the Caribbean

49. European Powers go to war in North America • Before and after the French and Indian War

50. Fighting with Native Americans • Many battles fought between colonists and Native Americans • King Phillips War • Metacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an attack on colonists in Massachusetts • Colonists respond with massacre • Massacres on both sides