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Ch. 14: Age of Exploration and Expansion

Ch. 14: Age of Exploration and Expansion. Crusades. 1098-1291: 1291: last Crusader state falls (Acre) Desire of Europe to seek out new lands Hatred between Muslim and Christian . Marco Polo. 1271 Traveled to China Served the courts for years, wrote about his adventures

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Ch. 14: Age of Exploration and Expansion

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  1. Ch. 14: Age of Exploration and Expansion

  2. Crusades • 1098-1291: • 1291: last Crusader state falls (Acre) • Desire of Europe to seek out new lands • Hatred between Muslim and Christian

  3. Marco Polo • 1271 • Traveled to China • Served the courts for years, wrote about his adventures • Treasures brought back

  4. Trade for Asian goods • Trade with Muslims • Overpriced on goods • Desire to go to source of goods

  5. Reasons for European Expansion • Trade (money) • Glory • Religious Zeal

  6. Reasons Europeans were able to: • Better Ships • Better navigation • Better military

  7. Portuguese • (1419) Prince Henry- established school for navigators

  8. Timeline of Portuguese Exploration Desire to trade with Asia, go East • 1444: Portuguese ships reach Senegal River • 1488: Bartholomeu Diaz-Rounded Cape of Good Hope • 1498: Vasco de Gama- reached India • 1509: Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque- set up port facilities at Goa

  9. Portuguese • Although were very successful, lacked the resources, population and desire to make any real trade

  10. Spanish • Christopher Columbus (1492) • Trade with China • Africa trade route taken by Portuguese • Sail west to Asia

  11. Vasco Nunez de Balboa • (1513) Travelled across Isthmus of Panama • First European to encounter Pacific Ocean

  12. Ferdinand Magellan • (1519) sailed around the world • 1/5 of ships survived • Died in Philippines • Still profitable

  13. 1494: Treaty of TordesillasLine of Demarcation

  14. Hernan Cortez • (1519) connected with Aztecs • 550 soldiers, 16 cavalry • With allies, • Tlaxcalans

  15. Francisco Pizarro • (1530) • Conquered Incas • Very much same method as Cortez • Marched on Cuzco

  16. Why the Spanish Won • Use of military alliances • Military tactics • Native vs. European • Military technology • Steel • Gunpowder • Cavalry • Disease (smallpox)

  17. Spanish and the New World • Encomienda system: each Spaniard was given land and a group of natives to work the land • Had to protect the natives, pay them, and take care of “spiritual needs”

  18. Bartolome de las Casas • Advocated for treatment of native peoples • Pushed for importation of African slaves • 1518: first boatload of African slaves

  19. Dutch (1500s to 1602) • Began occupying Portuguese ports in India • Slave Trade • Settlement in Cape of Good Hope • Southeast Asia

  20. India • 1498: divided into Muslim and Hindu states • 1650: British settlement: Surat • Fort William (modern day Calcutta) (1696) • Sir Robert Clive • Chief representative of British East India Trading Co.

  21. Battle of Plassey • British defeat Mughals • Most powerful Muslim kingdom in India • British defeat a force 10 times their size • British now most powerful force on subcontinent

  22. India • 1858: India becomes a crown colony of Great Britain

  23. North America

  24. North America • 1607: Virginia established • 1750: 13 colonies established

  25. New Amsterdam • Dutch: send Henry Hudson • Explores Hudson river • 1614: founded New Amsterdam • 1664: British seize it, rename it New York

  26. French • 1534: Jacques Cartier: claim St. Lawrence River and Canada for France • 1608: Samuel de Champlain: founds Quebec • 1663: Canada made Crown province • Small population, mostly men

  27. Consequences of Expansion • Flourishing Trade • “Price Revolution” • Expanding Economy • Hard on peasants • Beginnings of Capitalism • Slow move away from Agrarian economy • 80% of Europe farmers

  28. Mercantilism • Idea that there must be more exports than imports for a nation to be prosperous • Also must have as much gold as possible

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