THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION -1763-1778

1. THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION -1763-1778 Chapter 7

2. THE DEEP ROOTS OF REVOLUTION American Revolution was a revolution in thought and perception about who the colonists were. Reasons?

3. THE MERCANTILE THEORY Policy of all major European nations from 16th to l8th centuries. Mercantilism – Belief that wealth was power and that a country’s economic wealth (both military and political power) could be measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury.

4. MercantilismElements of the Theory To get gold, must export more than import Colonies provide export markets Colonies provide source for raw material Colonies can’t trade with others Colonies can’t produce their own finished goods Encourage colonies to produce what mother country must import

5. Mercantilism Trammels On Trade Parliament passed many laws to enforce the mercantile system Navigation Laws – most famous Significance Other Laws

6. The Money Problem All currency came from outside. Had to use British, French and Spanish Coins Colonists buying more than could sell under mercantile policies, so chronic shortage of hard currency

7. The Money Problem What did colonists use for currency besides coins? Barter On the eve of revolution, colonies issue paper money of dubious value Why value “dubious”? Parliament eventually bans, which is one more grievance of colonists

8. Merits of Mercantilism Salutary Neglect. Robert Walpole. Smuggling. Americans did reap many direct benefits from Mercantilism. What were they?

9. Benefits of Mercantilism Price supports and subsidies helped them compete against the Europeans. Tobacco monopoly. They had rights of Englishmen and opportunities for self-government. Protection of the strong British army and Navy Prosperity trickled down

10. The Menace Of Mercantilism Downside to Mercantilism It hurt economic initiative Southern planters were treated more favorably. Cash Crop farmers forced into debt Mercantilism was humiliating to Americans

11. The Stamp Tax Uproar After the war, Brits wanted to start taxing the American Colonies. Why? For what Purpose? George Grenville ordered End of Salutary Neglect. Revenue Acts

12. New Mercantilist Laws Sugar Act—1764 Quartering Act of 1765 Currency Act Stamp Act —1765 This Act became the most hated

13. Stamp Act What it required Who it antagonized British view of its fairness American view of its fairness No taxation without representation Virtual representation

14. Parliament Forced To Repeal The Stamp Act Stamp Act Congress of 1765 Non-importation agreements of British goods Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty Declaratory Act

15. The Townshend Tea Tax And The Boston Massacre Charles “Champagne Charlie” Townsend emerges as PM In 1767 he persuades Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts Colonists object Reasons 1768 British officials landed 2 regiments of troops (700) in Boston

16. Boston Massacre

17. The Seditious Committees Of Correspondence Townsend Acts were a failure In 1770 Townshend Acts repealed. But the tax on tea remained Sam Adams, master propagandist Organized the local Committees of Correspondence in Mass Led to Inter-colonial committees of correspondence

18. Boston Tea Party 1773 the British East India Company had a big problem What was it? How did Parliament try to remedy it? Why was Parliament so motivated to fix the problem?

19. Tea Act 1773 Britain gave BEIC a complete monopoly on the American tea business. Consequences: Able to sell tea more cheaply than the smuggled tea, even with the tax. Cuts out the American middle-man Angers colonists. Americans see as a trick to make the tax palatable.

20. Boston Tea Party None of the tea cargo of the Company reached its destination. Annapolis — colonists burned cargo and the ships. Charleston—Governor stores in a warehouse. Is eventually sold during the war to pay for uniforms. Boston — band of white townspeople dressed as Indians boarded the 3 tea ships on Dec. 6, 1773. They smashed 342 chests and dumped the tea into Boston harbor. Boston Tea party

21. Boston Tea Party

22. Response to Boston Tea Party Reactions of public Reaction of Parliament Intolerable Acts Boston Port Act Mass. Government Act Quartering Act Admin. of Justice Act

23. Quebec Act - 1774 Not part of the Intolerable Acts. But passed at the same time. What did it say? Colonists believed it was “intolerable” and designed to punish them. Why?

24. Quebec Before and After 1774

25. The Continental Congress And Bloodshed 1774--In response to the Intolerable Acts colonists call First Continental Congress Met in Philadelphia to discus ways of redressing colonial grievances. 12 of 13 colonies sent 55 men Drew up a Declaration of Rights

26. The Continental Congress And Bloodshed Continental Congress helped create the Association. Attempt to get Brits to repeal the Intolerable Acts and taxes. What was it? Called for a complete boycott of British goods. non-import, non-export and non-consumption. Was a move toward unity.

27. Lexington and Concord Sam Adams John Hancock Paul Revere Shot Heard Round the World

28. Lexington

29. Strengths and Weaknesses British Strengths British Weaknesses American Strengths American Weaknesses

30. A THIN LINE OF HEROES