Acanthuridae: Surgeons & Tangs of Hawaii

1. Acanthuridae:Surgeons & Tangs of Hawaii By: Sara, James, and Kelsee

2. Characteristics Sharp, blade-like caudal “scalpel” ahead of tail Many colors (Bright and dull) Wide, oval shaped body Specialized movement of fins

3. http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=wlXqL0lOsSyH8jH2Mckr9g==http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=wlXqL0lOsSyH8jH2Mckr9g== Convict Tang: Acanthurustriostegus Hawaiian Name: Manini Identification: Light grey color with white-ish underneath 6 vertical lines Up to 8 inches http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/books/hanauma_bay_guide/acanthurus_triostegus.htm

4. BluespineUnicornfish: Nasounicornis Kala http://www.ozanimals.com/Fish/Bluespine-Unicornfish/Naso/unicornis.html http://www.hayrettindagci.com/ansiklopedi/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=1_8 http://directoryofkauai.net/blog/hawaiian-reef-fish-and-orangeband-surgeonfish http://www.flickr.com/photos/barryfackler/4500256015/ Brown Surgeonfish: Acanthurusnigrofuscus Ma'i'i'i Orangeband Surgeonfish: Acanthurusolivaceus Na‘ena‘e http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/fish_of_month/past_fom/fom_05_03.htm

5. http://saltwater.tropicalfishandaquariums.com/Tangs/Acanthurus-leucopareius.asphttp://saltwater.tropicalfishandaquariums.com/Tangs/Acanthurus-leucopareius.asp http://week.divebums.com/2008/Jul28-2008/index.html Goldring Surgeonfish: Ctenochaetusstrigosus Kole http://www.coldwaterimages.com/green_sea_turtle.html http://www.ryanphotographic.com/acanthuridae.htm Orangespine Unicornfish: Nasolituratus Umaumalei White Bar Surgeonfish: Acanthurusleucopareius Maikoiko http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/htms/kalafish/fish_pops/acanthur/tang12.htm http://orange-spine-unicornfish.wikispaces.com/

6. Movement Constantly use pectoral fins to swim. Steering is allowed by the using the pectoral fin. While swimming the blades on its body lie in grooves

7. Habitats In the recruit stage, yellow tangs dwell in mid-depth high coral habitats. As adults, yellow tangs live in shallow pavement zones during the day. Primarily diurnal species.

8. Feeding Habits Tangs and Surgeonfish are known for being primarily algae feeders. They also feed on shrimp and mussels. Can feed on coral.

9. Schooling Behavior http://www.explorebiodiversity.com/Hawaii/BiodiversityForgotten/Wildlife/Fish/Pics/Acanthuridae-Yellow-Tang-2-.jpg http://www.cherba.com/ages/images/tang.jpg Usually schooling Rarely solitary

10. Mating Behavior http://www.unepscs.org/images/Fish_Larvae/Acanthuridae.jpg http://www.fisheggsandlarvae.com/LIIIE7%20Acanthuridae_files/image001.jpg Pelagic spawners Promiscuous (Jonna 2003) Sequential hermaphroditism

11. Sexual Dimorphism http://i64.photobucket.com/albums/h181/flyyyguy/Fish/tangs15.jpg Very few differences Size difference Coloration

12. Defense-Physical http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/collections/contributors/Grzimek_fish/Acanthuroidei/v04_id208_con_scalpel/medium.jpg • Scalpels • Located at base of tail • Often emphasized by color • Coloration http://glendalecommunitycollege.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/17-prionurus-kdp-811.jpg

13. Defense-Behavioral http://www.oceans5dive.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/unicornfish.jpg • Intraspecific competition • Defending territories • Marked by color change • Circling behavior • Use of scalpels

14. Observing Marine Protected Areas Effects on the Yellow Tang, Zebrasomaflavescens. http://fantasticaquariums.com/content/yellow-tang Took place on the west side of Hawaii Based on the lifestyle of the yellow tang it is suitable that they were used in the experiment The age of a tang can easily be identified based on size Tangs are desirable for aquariums

15. Location Black regions are long term protected areas Faded regions are fisheries replenishment areas. (Williams et al. 2009)

16. Methods (Williams et al. 2009) • Populations observed 4-6 times per year • Monitoring stations in medium-depth reefs • Sizes were defined as • 3-5cm recruits • 5-6cm juvenile • For adult fish the monitoring station was placed in the shallow pavement

17. Methods cont. (Williams et al. 2009) Biomass of the fish was obtained through monthly catch information. Yellow tang density was then determined for each region. T-test was used.

18. Results • From 1976-1985, reported catches were 10,000. This increased to 200,000 in a decade! • This is just for the yellow tang! • At FRAs densities of yellow tang had increased up to 72%. • Areas open to fishing have declined in density up to 45%. (Williams et al. 2009)

19. Discussion MPAs are clearly effective. Yellow tangs have been primarily targeted as juveniles and recruits. Spillover from the MPAs is clearly present. The yellow tang can live for 40 years so this study covered a max of ¼ of their lives.

20. Rapid evolutionary divergences in reef fishes of the family Acanthuridae (Perciformes: Teleostei). • Purpose • Materials and Methods • Collection • PCR • Analysis

22. Effect of the surgeonfish Ctenochaetusstraitus on the processes of sediment transport and deposition on a coral reef http://www.wetwebmedia.com/Pix%20Of%20The%20Day%20Marine/POTD%20SW%20Arch%2036-40/swpotdarch38.htm http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2004/11/

23. Literature Cited Clements, K.D., R. D. Gray, and J. H. Choat. 2003. Rapid evolutionary divergences in reef fishes of the family Acanthuridae (Perciformes: Teleostei). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2): 190-201. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790302003251 Jonna, R. 2003. "Acanthuridae“. Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 28, 2013. Available: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Acanthuridae/ Krone, R., Paster, M., and Schuhmacher, H. 2010. Effect of the suegeonfishCtenochaetusstraitus (Acanthuridae) on the processes of sediment transport and deposition on a coral reef in the Red Sea. Functional Ecology 57: 215-221. Williams I.D., W.J. Walsh, J.T. Claisse, B.N. Tissot, K.A. Stamoulis. Impacts of a Hawaiian marine protected area network on the abundance and fishery sustainability of the yellow tang, Zebrasomaflavescens. Biological Conservation 142: 1066-1073. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709000536 "What Are Surgeonfish." Essortment. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.