Taxation of Representation

1. Taxation of Representation By: Nnehkai, Sara, Marcus, and Cheyenne

2. Relations with Britain • After the French and Indian war Great Britain controlled large amount of territory. They passed a proclamation of 1763 to limit the settlement of this territory. They got some of the land from the treaty of Paris. Most importantly the proclamation prohibit colonists from moving west from the Appalachian Mountains. It gave the British government not the colonist control of the western midline. If it went right a conflict from the native American might be avoided but just in case the British kept ten thousand troops in America. The colonist feared the British troops would interfere with their liberties and they saw the proclamation of the limit to their freedom. They saw a great distrust between them and Great Britain. To add to all the problems Britain had a large amount of debt from the French and Indian war. Desperate for new revenue the king and the parliament felt that the colonist should tax them. Which set of a chain of the events that enraged American colonists and surprised the British authorities.

3. Britain's trade laws • In 1763 George Grenville became prime minister he decided to reduce Britain's debt. He took action against smuggled in the colonies because every time they smuggled goods into America Britain lost the revenue. Which led to in 1767 the parliament decided to authorize which allows officers any location to search for smugglers. So after that Grenville tried to increase tax revenue. But in 1764 parliament passed the sugar act. The act lowered the tax on malaises that was imported by the colonies. And the act angered the colonist.

4. The stamped act • It was passed in 1765 as an effort to raise money. It placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonist. The colonist they became angry and they decided they needed to take action. Because the parliament had interfered with colonial affairs by taxing the colonies directly with out their consent. So Patrick Henry a young member of the house of burgess but he was accused of treason. And Virginia passed a resolution declaring that it had the only and saw execution write and powers to lay taxes on citizens so then in Boston Samuel Adams started an organization called the sons of liberty who were people who took the streets to protest against the stamped act. Through out the summer of 1765 protesters burn effigies. So they burnt down royal officials houses. They marched through the streets saying Americans can only tax Americans. In October 9 colonies went to New York at the stamped act congress. They sent a petition saying that the only people that could tax them were the people in the colonies. And back in the colonial cities they boycott British an European goods. And merchants artisans and farmers signed non impetrations which were agreements that made people pledge not to buy or use British imported goods. In march 1766 the stamped act was repealed.

5. Trouble in Boston Protests like the Liberty affair made British colonial nervous. In the summer of 1768, worried customs officers sent word back to Britain. Parliament responded by sending two regiments of troops to Boston. As angry Bostonians jeered, the newly arrived “redcoats” set up camp right in the center of the city. Many colonists, especially those living in Boston, felt that British had gone too far. The redcoats made little money

6. The Boston Massacre • Relations between redcoats and the Boston colonists grew more tense. March 5, 1770 a fight broke out between the town people and the colonists. They used random weapons. A fight raged all day. They called this day the Boston Massacre.

7. The Word Spreads • Samuel Adams put up posters describing the “Boston Massacre” as a slaughter of innocent Americans by bloodthirsty redcoats. The Boston Massacre led many colonists to call for stronger boycotts on British goods. Many colonists believed they had won another victory. Some colonial leaders, however, continued to call for resistance to British rule. In 1772 Sam Adams revived the Boston committee of correspondence, an organization used in earlier protests. Soon other committee of correspondence sprang up throughout the colonies, bring together protesters opposed to British measures.

8. A Crisis Over Tea • In the early 1770s, some Americans considered British colonial policy a ‘‘conspiracy against liberty.’’ The British East India Company faced ruin. TO save the EIC, Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. The measure gave the company the right ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes usually placed by on tea. It was a low price. This means the EIC tea was cheaper than any other colonies. In Boston and in Philadelphia had a public meeting to stop the EIC from unloading tea from the tea from the ship. In Boston a showdown began.

9. The Boston Tea Party • Three tea ships arrived in Boston Harbor in late 1773. The royal governor, refused to let the ships turn back. At midnight they bored the ships and threw 342 chest of tea over board, in event that became known as the Boston Tea Party. Men and women gathered in the streets to celebrate the bravery of the Boston Sons of Liberty.

10. The Intolerable Acts • When news of the Boston Tea Party reached London, the reaction was quite different. King George III realized that Britain as losing control of the colonies. Parliament was passed the Coercive Acts, very harsh laws intended to punish the people of Massachusetts for their resistance. The Coercive Acts also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in their own homes. Parliament planned to isolate Boston with their acts. The colonists maintained that Coercive Acts violated their rights ad English citizens. The Quebec Act, passed shortly after the Coercive Acts, further angered the colonists. This act set up a permanent government and granted religious freedom to French Catholics. The feelings for the colonists were made clear by their name for the new laws-the Intolerable Acts.

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