Figure 23.1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs.

Figure 23.1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs.

Figure 23.2 Gastrointestinal tract activities.

Figure 23.3 Peristalsis and segmentation.

Figure 23.3a Peristalsis and segmentation.

Figure 23.3b Peristalsis and segmentation.

Figure 23.4 Neural reflex pathways initiated by stimuli inside or outside the gastrointestinal tract.

Figure 23.5 The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity.

Figure 23.5a The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity.

Figure 23.5b The peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity.

Figure 23.6 Basic structure of the alimentary canal.

Figure 23.7 Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth).

Figure 23.7a Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth).

Figure 23.7b Anatomy of the oral cavity (mouth).

Figure 23.8 Dorsal surface of the tongue, and the tonsils.

Figure 23.9 The salivary glands.

Figure 23.9a The salivary glands.

Figure 23.9b The salivary glands.

Figure 23.10a Human dentition.

Figure 23.10b Human dentition.

Figure 23.11 Longitudinal section of a canine tooth within its bony alveolus.

Figure 23.12 Microscopic structure of the esophagus.

Figure 23.12a Microscopic structure of the esophagus.

Figure 23.12b Microscopic structure of the esophagus.

Figure 23.13 Deglutition (swallowing) (1 of 5).

Figure 23.14a Anatomy of the stomach.

Figure 23.14b Anatomy of the stomach.

Figure 23.15a Microscopic anatomy of the stomach.

Figure 23.15b Microscopic anatomy of the stomach.

Figure 23.15c Microscopic anatomy of the stomach.

Figure 23.16 Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it.

Figure 23.16a Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it.

Figure 23.16b Photographs of a gastric ulcer lesion and of the bacteria that most commonly cause it.

Figure 23.17 Neural and hormonal mechanisms that regulate release of gastric juice.

Figure 23.18 Mechanism of HCl secretion by parietal cells.

Figure 23.19 Peristaltic waves in the stomach.

Figure 23.20 Neural and hormonal factors inhibiting gastric emptying.

Figure 23.21 The duodenum of the small intestine, and related organs.

Figure 23.22a Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption.

Figure 23.22b Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption.

Figure 23.22c Structural modifications of the small intenstine that increase its surface area for digestion and absorption.

Figure 23.23 Villi and microvilli of the small intestine.

Figure 23.23a Villi and microvilli of the small intestine.

Figure 23.23b Villi and microvilli of the small intestine.

Figure 23.24a Gross anatomy of the human liver.

Figure 23.24b Gross anatomy of the human liver.

Figure 23.25a-b Microscopic anatomy of the liver.

Figure 23.1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs.