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A 21 st Century Western Hemisphere Security/Defense Community

A 21 st Century Western Hemisphere Security/Defense Community. Colonel Joseph R. N úñez, Professor, U.S. Army War College With LTC Kelley Spellman, J-5 Staff, SOUTHCOM. Western Hemisphere Idea. Western Hemisphere Idea. Special Relationship Within the Americas

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A 21 st Century Western Hemisphere Security/Defense Community

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  1. A 21st Century Western Hemisphere Security/Defense Community • Colonel Joseph R. Núñez, Professor, U.S. Army War College • With LTC Kelley Spellman, J-5 Staff, SOUTHCOM

  2. Western Hemisphere Idea

  3. Western Hemisphere Idea • Special Relationship Within the Americas • Our Own Separate Orbit - Amb Nabuco • Pan Americanism of the New World • Common Values, Interests & Challenges • Free, Prosperous & Fraternal Continent • Constructive Association of Nations • Hemisphere of Peace through Democracy

  4. Challenges to Cooperation • Imbalance or Asymmetry of Power • Domestic Politics – Nationalism, Populism, • Subregional Competition • Lack of Presidential Leadership & Vision • Competing Visions and Outsiders • Lack of Understanding-Respect-Concern

  5. Challenges to Cooperation: OAS • Outdated Rio Treaty – Time for Update • No Effective Security Staff • Inter-American Defense Board Detached • Plenty of Diplomacy, but Where is the Security and Defense? • Kicks Problems to UN, but Offers Little • New Definitions, but what about Haiti?

  6. Future of Security Cooperation • Can Only Grow if Leaders Have Common Interests & Values • Entails Difficult Choices about Defense, Security, Democracy, Trade, Globalization, and Development

  7. International Challenges • State Failure: Haiti • Projection of Multinational Forces on UN missions (PKO, etc.) • Stabilization Ops & Humanitarian Assist. • Gap between Words and Deeds, Promises and Actions

  8. Rising Regional Cooperation • States Find Good Reasons to Cooperate • Expand Trade • Reinforce Democratic Values • Work Together on Common Security Threats.

  9. International Military Cooperation • Canada Sent Troops to Afghanistan in 2001 • Canada Sent an even Larger Force to Afghanistan (ISAF) in 2003.

  10. International Military Cooperation • The 2nd Iraq War was Supported by El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic • Each Country Sent Forces that Joined the Spanish Brigade

  11. International Military Cooperation • Within the Americas – UN Mission in Haiti – Soldiers from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, U.S., & Uruguay work together for peace

  12. International Military Cooperation • Haiti also represents new leadership opportunities • A Brazilian General commands the Stabilization Force • A Chilean Diplomat serves as Special Rep. of the Sec Gen

  13. Haiti and Military Cooperation • Deployment of MIF? • Deployment of MINUSTAH? • Record of MIF and MINUSTAH? • OAS & UN Actions? • How Can We Do Better in the Future?

  14. International Military Cooperation • Cyprus – UNFICYP • Argentinean force includes soldiers from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay • Canada also has soldiers in Cyprus

  15. A New SecurityArchitecture • Time to Deal with 21st Century threats • Threats are Not National Armies • Security Cooperation – Not Integration • Preserve Sovereignty Constructively

  16. First Special Service Force – Redux • Standing Multinational Force • Canada/US/ Mexico & Brazil/Argentina/Chile: FSSF(N) and FSSF(S) • Hemispheric Security • Part of OAS Security Council • Strategic Restraint • Sovereignty Clause

  17. The Logic of Cooperation . Democracy, Trade & Security/Defense • New Security Dilemma: Internal & Transnational • New Missions for FSSF: Humanitarian Assistance, Failed States (SO), & PKO • Hard and Soft Power

  18. Security Virtues of FSSF • NOT Unilateral • Promote Respect & Understanding • Constructive Regionalism • Interoperability • Rapid Deployment • Versatility (SSCs) • UN SHIRBRIG > NRF > FSSF ?

  19. Slaying of Cooperation Myths • Preserve Sovereignty by “Ditching” • Possible to Decouple Security from Economy (FTAA) • Security “On The Cheap” Works • Moral Superiority of Non-Intervention

  20. Slaying of U.S. Cooperation Myths • U.S. Can Go it Alone • Other States in the Americas are Not Dependable Allies • The U.S. Has Enough Power to Call All of the Shots • Superpowers Don’t Do Windows (PKSO)

  21. Strategic Commitment to the Western Hemisphere • An Interdependent Community • Shared Values/Interests • Disagreement Does Not Equal Disrespect (virtue) • A Special Relationship • New Vision

  22. Cooperation Includes Mexico • Mexico is Not Ready to Join FSSF(N) • Sovereignty and Non-Intervention Issues • Democratic Changes are Causing the Military to Change • Security Cooperation is Quietly on the Rise

  23. Two Opposing Visions

  24. Constructive Regionalism • Focus more on WE, not ME or THEM • Regions have Real Security & Defense Responsibilities • Between States and the International Realm (UN) are Regional Structures

  25. Thanks For Listening • What are your questions?

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